Editing James Cook (section)

===Death===
[[File:Zoffany Death of Captain Cook.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3
|alt=A beach with a dozen Maori warriors fighting against Cook and several of his marines
|''The Death of Captain Cook'' by [[Johan Zoffany]], c. 1795. One of [[Death of Cook|several paintings of this event]].]]
{{Main|Death of James Cook}}

After a month's stay, Cook left Hawaii to resume his exploration of the northern Pacific, but shortly after departure a strong gale caused ''Resolution''{{'}}s foremast to break, so the ships returned to Kealakekua Bay for repairs.{{sfn|Beaglehole|1974|pp=661-662}}{{sfn|Hough|1994|pp=341-342}}

Relations between the crew and the Hawaiians were already strained before the departure, and they grew worse when the ship returned for repairs.{{sfn|Beaglehole|1974|pp=662-664}}{{efn|Before departure, Cook offered to purchase the wood from a fence surrounding a sacred [[marae]]; when the offer was refused, Cook ordered his men to take the wood regardless.{{sfn|Sparks|1847|pp=135–139}} }} Numerous quarrels broke out and petty thefts were common. On 13 February 1779, a group of Hawaiians stole one of Cook's [[Cutter (boat)|cutters]].{{sfn|Hough|1994|pp=347-348}}{{sfn|Beaglehole|1974|p=667}} 

The following day, Cook attempted to recover the cutter by kidnapping and [[ransom]]ing the king, Kalaniʻōpuʻu.{{sfn|Beazley|1911|p=72}}{{sfn|Sahlins|2012|p=336}} Cook and a small party marched through the village to retrieve the king.{{sfn|Obeyesekere|1992|p=107}}{{sfn|Collingridge|2003|pp=408–409}} Cook led Kalaniʻōpuʻu away; as they got to the boats, one of Kalaniʻōpuʻu's favourite wives, [[Kānekapōlei]], and two chiefs approached the group. They pleaded with the king not to go and a large crowd began to form at the shore.{{sfn|Hough|1994|pp=351-354}} News reached the Hawaiians that on the other side of the bay, high-ranking Hawaiian chief Kalimu had been shot whilst trying to break through a British blockade; this exacerbated the tense situation.{{sfn|Beaglehole|1974|pp=669-672}} As the Europeans launched the boats to leave, Cook was struck on the head by the villagers and then stabbed to death as he fell on his face in the surf.{{sfn|Beaglehole|1974|pp=669-672}}{{sfn|Collingridge|2003|pp=409–410}}{{sfn|Fornander|Stokes|1880|p=193}}{{efn|Early sources identify the primary assailants as [[Kalaimanokahoʻowaha]] (club) and Nuaa (knife).{{sfn|Fornander|Stokes|1880|p=193}}{{sfn|Dibble|1843|p=61}}{{sfn|Samwell|1786|p=16}} [[David Samwell]] wrote: "The principal actors were the other chiefs, many of them the king's relations and attendants."{{sfn|Samwell|1786|p=16}}
}} Cook collapsed and died on the shore, and Hawaiian warriors crowded around the corpse to bludgeon it.{{sfn|Hough|1994|p=354}}