Editing Jungian cognitive functions (section)

== Controversy over attitudes ==

Myers interpreted Jung as saying that the auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior functions are always in the opposite attitude of the dominant, though some views differ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Quenk |first=Naomi |title=Essentials of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Assessment |quote=With regard to the attitude of the tertiary function, Myers and Briggs assumed it was opposite to that of the dominant function, as were the auxiliary and inferior functions. [...] although there are alternative views regarding the issue.}}</ref> In support of Myers' (and/or Briggs') interpretation{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}, in one sentence Jung seems to state that the "three inferior" functions of an (extreme) extravert are introverted. The "most differentiated function is always employed in an extraverted way, whereas the inferior functions are introverted".{{sfn|Jung|1971|loc=chpt. 10}}

More recently, typologists such as [[John Beebe]] and [[Linda Berens]] have introduced theoretical systems in which all people possess eight functions—equivalent to the four functions as defined by Jung and Myers but in each of the two possible attitudes—with the four in the opposite attitude to that measured, known as the "shadow functions", residing largely in the unconscious.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Furthermore, the evidence given by Myers<ref>Myers, Isabel Myers [1980] (1995). Gifts Differing, Palo Alto, C.A.: Davies-Black Publishing. {{ISBN|0-89106-074-X}}.</ref> for the orientation of the auxiliary function relies on the sentence from Jung:

"For all the types met with in practice, the rule holds good that besides the conscious, primary function, there is a relatively unconscious, auxiliary function which is in every respect different from the nature of the primary function."{{sfn|Jung|1971|loc=chpt. 10}}

But the sentence justifying this interpretation is in fact a mistranslation. Thus rendering this interpretation obsolete. "Unconscious" being in fact "conscious" makes a significant difference, given the importance of these two notions in psychological types. The correct translation is: "For all the types met with in practice, the rule holds good that besides the conscious, primary function, there is a relatively conscious, auxiliary function which is in every respect different from the nature of the primary function."