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=== E-learning and augmented learning === {{Main|Electronic learning}} ''Electronic learning'' or e-learning is computer-enhanced learning. A specific and always more diffused e-learning is [[mobile learning]] (m-learning), which uses different mobile telecommunication equipment, such as [[cellular phone]]s. When a learner interacts with the e-learning environment, it is called [[augmented learning]]. By adapting to the needs of individuals, the context-driven instruction can be dynamically tailored to the learner's natural environment. Augmented digital content may include text, images, video, audio (music and voice). By personalizing instruction, augmented learning has been shown to improve learning performance for a lifetime.<ref name="Augmented Learning">[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1156186 Augmented Learning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313071206/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1156068.1156186 |date=2020-03-13 }}, Augmented Learning: Context-Aware Mobile Augmented Reality Architecture for Learning</ref> See also [[minimally invasive education]]. Moore (1989)<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Moore | first1 = M | year = 1989 | title = Three types of interaction | journal = American Journal of Distance Education | volume = 3 | issue = 2| pages = 1–6 | doi=10.1080/08923648909526659| citeseerx = 10.1.1.491.4800 }}</ref> purported that three core types of interaction are necessary for quality, effective online learning: * Learner–learner (i.e. communication between and among peers with or without the teacher present), * Learner–instructor (i.e. student-teacher communication), and * Learner–content (i.e. intellectually interacting with content that results in changes in learners' understanding, perceptions, and cognitive structures). In his theory of transactional distance, Moore (1993)<ref>Moore, M.G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education (pp. 22–38). London and New York: Routledge</ref> contented that structure and interaction or dialogue bridge the gap in understanding and communication that is created by geographical distances (known as transactional distance).
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