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Liar paradox
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==In popular culture== The liar paradox is occasionally used in fiction to shut down artificial intelligences, who are presented as being unable to process the sentence. In the ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'' episode "[[I, Mudd]]", the liar paradox is used by [[Captain Kirk]] and [[Harry Mudd]] to confuse and ultimately disable an android holding them captive. In the 1973 ''[[Doctor Who]]'' serial ''[[The Green Death]]'', the Doctor temporarily stumps the insane computer BOSS by asking it "If I were to tell you that the next thing I say would be true, but that the last thing I said was a lie, would you believe me?" BOSS tries to figure it out but cannot and eventually decides the question is irrelevant and summons security. In the 1967 film ''[[Bedazzled (1967 film)|Bedazzled]]'', the Devil says to his subject, Stanley Moon, that "Everything he says is a lie, including this.". The Thin Lizzy song "Don't Believe a Word" contains the lyrics "Not a word of this is true." In the 2011 video game ''[[Portal 2]]'', artificial intelligence [[GLaDOS]] attempts to use the "this sentence is false" paradox to kill another artificial intelligence, [[Wheatley (Portal)|Wheatley]]. However, lacking the intelligence to realize the statement is a paradox, he simply responds, "Um, true. I'll go with true. There, that was easy." and is unaffected. Humorously, all other AIs present barring GLaDOS, all of which are significantly less sentient and lucid than both her and Wheatley, are still killed from hearing the paradox. However, GLaDOS later notes that she almost killed herself from her own attempt to kill Wheatley. The [[Devo]] song "Enough Said" includes the lyrics "The next thing I say to you will be true/The last thing I said was false". In the seventh episode of ''[[Minecraft: Story Mode]]'', titled "Access Denied", the main character Jesse and their friends are captured by a supercomputer named PAMA. After PAMA controls two of Jesse's friends, Jesse learns that PAMA stalls when processing and uses a paradox to confuse him and escape with their last friend. One of the paradoxes the player can make Jesse say is the liar paradox. Robert Earl Keen's song "The Road Goes On and On" mentions the paradox. The song is part of Keen's feud with Toby Keith, who is presumably the "liar" Keen refers to.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cohen |first=Jason |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Fightin' Words: Robert Earl Keen v. Toby Keith |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/fightin-words-robert-earl-keen-v-toby-keith/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003141323/https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/fightin-words-robert-earl-keen-v-toby-keith/ |archive-date=2015-10-03 |magazine=[[Texas Monthly]] |access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref>
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