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Lip sync
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===Film=== In [[film production]], lip syncing is often part of the post-production phase. Most film today contains scenes where the dialogue has been re-recorded afterwards; lip syncing is the technique used when [[animation|animated]] characters speak, and lip syncing is essential when films are dubbed into other languages. In many [[musical film]]s, actors sang their own songs beforehand in a recording session and lip synced during filming, but many also lip synced to [[playback singer]]s, voices other than their own. [[Rex Harrison]] was the exception in ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''.<ref>[[Roger Ebert|Ebert, Roger]] (January 1, 2006). [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-my-fair-lady-1964 "Literate, likable ... loverly,"] rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2 September 2021.</ref> [[Marni Nixon]] sang for [[Deborah Kerr]] in ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' and for [[Audrey Hepburn]] in ''My Fair Lady'', Annette Warren for [[Ava Gardner]] in ''[[Show Boat (1951 film)|Show Boat]]'', [[Robert McFerrin]] for [[Sidney Poitier]] in ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]'', [[Betty Wand]] for [[Leslie Caron]] in ''[[Gigi (1958 film)|Gigi]]'', [[Lisa Kirk]] for [[Rosalind Russell]] in ''[[Gypsy (1962 film)|Gypsy]]'', and [[Bill Lee (singer)|Bill Lee]] for [[Christopher Plummer]] in ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]''. Some pre-overdubbed performances have survived, such as Hepburn's original ''My Fair Lady'' vocals (included in documentaries related to the film), and Gardner's original vocals in ''Show Boat'' were heard for the first time in the 1994 documentary ''[[That's Entertainment! III]]''. When songs appear in non-musical films, however, the actors sing live on set, but later dub their voices in [[Automated dialogue replacement|ADR]] using a "better" performance of the song. Lip syncing is almost always used in modern [[musical film]]s (''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'' being an exception) and in biopics such as ''[[Ray (film)|Ray]]'' and ''[[La Vie en Rose (film)|La Vie en Rose]]'', where the original recording adds authenticity. But some early musicals usually use live recordings.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} In the 1950s MGM classic ''[[Singin' in the Rain]]'', lip syncing is a major plot point, with [[Debbie Reynolds]]' character, Kathy Selden, providing the voice for the character Lina Lamont (played by [[Jean Hagen]]). Writing in UK Sunday newspaper ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Mark Kermode]] noted, "Trivia buffs love to invoke the ironic dubbing of Debbie Reynolds by Betty Noyes on ''Would You''" although he pointed out that "the 19-year-old Reynolds never puts a foot wrong on smashers like ''Good Morning''".<ref name="The Observer 18 March 2007">{{cite news |last= Kermode |first= Mark |title= The 50 greatest film soundtracks: 11. Singin' In The Rain |url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/mar/18/features.musicmonthly14| date= 18 March 2007 |newspaper= [[The Observer]] |location=London| access-date= 4 August 2015 }}</ref> Reynolds also later acknowledged [[Betty Noyes]]' uncredited contribution to the film, writing: "I sang ''You Are My Lucky Star'' with Gene Kelly. It was a very rangy song and done in his key. My part did not come out well, and my singing voice was dubbed in by Betty Royce [sic]".<ref name="Debbie Reynolds My Life">{{cite book| last1 = Reynolds | first1= Debbie| last2= Columbia | first2= David Patrick |title= Debbie: My Life | year = 1989 | publisher = [[Pocket Books]]| isbn= 978-0671687922| page= 97}}</ref>
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