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==References== ===Citations=== {{reflist|20em}} ===Primary sources=== {{refbegin|indent=yes}} *{{citation | author = Al-Umari | author-link = Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari | title = Masalik al-Absar fi Mamalik al-Amsar }}, translated in {{harvnb|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} *{{citation | author = al-Sadi | title = Taʾrīkh al-Sūdān }}, translated in {{harvnb|Hunwick|1999}} {{refend}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Cuoq |editor1-first=Joseph |title=Recueil des sources arabes concernant l'Afrique occidentale du VIIIeme au XVIeme siècle (Bilād Al-Sūdān) |date=1985 |publisher=Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |location=Paris |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/sohim_0398-3811_1985_edc_7_1}} * {{citation | author = Ibn Khaldun | author-link = Ibn Khaldun | title = Kitāb al-ʿIbar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʾ wa-l-khabar fī ayyām al-ʿarab wa-ʾl-ʿajam wa-ʾl-barbar }}, translated in {{harvnb|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} ===Other sources=== {{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}} * {{cite journal |last=Bell |first=Nawal Morcos |year=1972 |title=The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology |journal=[[International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=221–234 |doi=10.2307/217515 |jstor=217515}} *{{Cite journal |doi=10.2307/3171880 |issn=0361-5413 |volume=21 |pages=1–47 |last=Bühnen |first=Stephan |title=In Quest of Susu |journal=History in Africa |date=1994 |jstor=3171880 |s2cid=248820704 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0361541300001169/type/journal_article |access-date=30 October 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013055/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/in-quest-of-susu/2ECEF02ECCFB74B2547F582D13C6DE21 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite book |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4 |last1=Canós-Donnay |first1=Sirio |title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |chapter=The Empire of Mali |date=25 February 2019 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.266 |url=http://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-266 |access-date=16 October 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020034919/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-266 |url-status=live }} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.2307/3171998 |issn=0361-5413 |eissn=1558-2744 |volume=19 |pages=147–200 |last=Conrad |first=David C. |title=Searching for History in The Sunjata Epic: The Case of Fakoli |journal=History in Africa |date=1992 |jstor=3171998 |s2cid=161404193 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0361541300000656/type/journal_article |access-date=27 July 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013117/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/searching-for-history-in-the-sunjata-epic-the-case-of-fakoli1/38A0DB3D1DB47D729223D42951A01604 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last=Cissoko |first=S. M. |year=1969 |title=Quel est le nom du plus grand empereur du Mali: Kankan Moussa ou Kankou Moussa |journal=Notes Africaines |volume=124 |pages=113–114}} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1017/hia.2019.12 |issn=0361-5413 |eissn=1558-2744 |volume=46 |pages=105–135 |last=Collet |first=Hadrien |title=Échos d'Arabie. Le Pèlerinage à La Mecque de Mansa Musa (724–725/1324–1325) d'après des Nouvelles Sources |journal=History in Africa |date=2019 |s2cid=182652539 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/echos-darabie-le-pelerinage-a-la-mecque-de-mansa-musa-72472513241325-dapres-des-nouvelles-sources/6621DFBE19EDD839E80372C81529CF4A |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415084128/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/echos-darabie-le-pelerinage-a-la-mecque-de-mansa-musa-72472513241325-dapres-des-nouvelles-sources/6621DFBE19EDD839E80372C81529CF4A |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} * {{cite magazine |title=How to Compare Fortunes Across History |first1=Jacob |last1=Davidson |year=2015a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921212003/https://money.com/richest-people-of-all-time-methodology/ |url=https://money.com/richest-people-of-all-time-methodology/ |archive-date=September 21, 2021 |magazine=Money.com |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }} * {{cite magazine |url=https://money.com/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time-2/ |title=The 10 Richest People of All Time |author=Davidson |first=Jacob |year=2015b |magazine=Money.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131054311/https://money.com/the-10-richest-people-of-all-time-2/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |first1=Marq |last1=De Villiers |author-link1=Marq de Villiers |first2=Sheila |last2=Hirtle |title=Timbuktu: Sahara's fabled city of gold |publisher=Walker and Company |location=New York |date=2007}} *{{cite book |last1=Devisse |first1=Jean |last2=Labib |first2=S. |date=1984 |chapter=Africa in inter-continental relations |editor-last=Niane |editor-first=D.T. |title=General History of Africa, IV: Africa From the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century |location=Berkeley California |publisher=University of California |pages=635–672 |isbn=0-520-03915-7 |chapter-url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000060349 |access-date=25 April 2022 |archive-date=25 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425142605/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000060349 |url-status=live }} *{{Cite book |publisher= Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18126-4 |last=Fauvelle |first=François-Xavier |others=Troy Tice (trans.) |title=The Golden Rhinoceros: Histories of the African Middle Ages |date=2018 |orig-year=2013 |chapter=The Sultan and the Sea}} *{{cite book |last1=Fauvelle |first1=Francois-Xavier |title=Les masques et la mosquée - L'empire du Mâli XIIIe XIVe siècle |date=2022 |publisher=CNRS Editions |location=Paris |isbn=978-2271143716}} * {{cite book |first1=Michael A. |last1=Gomez |title=African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa |year=2018 |isbn= 9780691196824 |publisher=Princeton University Press|title-link=African Dominion}} * {{cite journal |last=Goodwin |first=A. J .H. |year=1957 |title=The Medieval Empire of Ghana |journal=[[South African Archaeological Bulletin]] |volume=12 |issue=47 |pages=108–112 |doi=10.2307/3886971 |jstor=3886971}} *{{cite book |first1=Said |last1=Hamdun |first2=Noël Q. |last2=King |title=Ibn Battuta in Black Africa |publisher=Markus Wiener |year=2009 |orig-year=1975 |location=Princeton |isbn=978-1-55876-336-4}} * {{Cite journal |volume=36 |pages=59–66 |last=Hunwick |first=J. O. |title=An Andalusian in Mali: a contribution to the biography of Abū Ishāq al-Sāhilī, c. 1290–1346 |journal=Paideuma |date=1990 |jstor=40732660}} * {{cite book |last=Hunwick |first=John O. |author-link=John Hunwick |title=Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents |publisher=Brill |place=Leiden |year=1999 |isbn=90-04-11207-3}} * {{cite journal |author-link1=Nehemia Levtzion |last=Levtzion |first=Nehemia |year=1963 |title=The thirteenth- and fourteenth-century kings of Mali |journal= [[Journal of African History]] |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=341–353 |jstor=180027 |doi=10.1017/s002185370000428x |s2cid=162413528}} * {{cite book |last=Levtzion |first=Nehemia |title=Ancient Ghana and Mali |publisher=Methuen |place=London |year=1973 |isbn=0-8419-0431-6}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Levtzion |editor1-first=Nehemia |editor-first2=John F. P. |editor-last2=Hopkins |title=Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa |publisher=Marcus Weiner Press |place=New York |date=2000 |isbn=1-55876-241-8 |orig-date=1981}} * {{cite book |last=MacBrair |first=R. Maxwell |title=A Grammar of the Mandingo Language: With Vocabularies |location=London |publisher=John Mason |year= 1873}} * {{cite book | last1 = McKissack | first1 = Patricia | last2 = McKissack | first2 = Fredrick | title = The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa | publisher = Henry Holt and Company | place = New York | date = 1994 |isbn=0-8050-4259-8}} * {{cite news |first1=Naima |last1=Mohamud |date=10 March 2019 |title=Is Mansa Musa the richest man who ever lived? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47379458 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310072937/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47379458 |archive-date=10 March 2019 |work=BBC News }} * {{cite journal |first1=Djibril Tamsir |last1=Niane |title=Recherches sur l'Empire du Mali au Moyen Age |year=1959 |journal=Recherches Africaines |language=French |url=http://www.guinee.net/bibliotheque/archives/rechAfric/1959/remma.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519215227/http://www.guinee.net:80/bibliotheque/archives/rechAfric/1959/remma.html |archive-date=19 May 2007 }} * {{Cite book |volume=4 |pages=117–171 |editor-first1=D. T. |editor-last1=Niane |last=Niane |first=D. T. |title=Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century |chapter=Mali and the second Mandingo expansion |series=General history of Africa |date=1984}} * {{Cite journal |doi=10.1017/hia.2015.18 |issn=0361-5413 |eissn=1558-2744 |volume=42 |pages=37–73 |last1=Nobili |first1=Mauro |last2=Mathee |first2= Mohamed Shahid |title=Towards a New Study of the So-Called Tārīkh al-fattāsh |journal=History in Africa |date=2015 |s2cid=163126332 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/towards-a-new-study-of-the-socalled-tarikh-alfattash/F9AC89F940A7085882CCCA63A63D11A8 |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415184035/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/towards-a-new-study-of-the-socalled-tarikh-alfattash/F9AC89F940A7085882CCCA63A63D11A8 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite book |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |isbn=978-1-118-45507-4 |pages=1–5 |editor-first1=Nigel |editor-last1=Dalziel |editor-first2=John M. |editor-last2=MacKenzie |last=Sapong |first=Nana Yaw B. |title=The Encyclopedia of Empire |chapter=Mali Empire |location=Oxford, UK |date=11 January 2016 |doi=10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe141}} * {{Cite book |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=3-447-05278-3 |pages=428–447 |editor-first1=Judith |editor-last1=Pfeiffer |editor-first2=Sholeh A. |editor-last2=Quinn |last=Schultz |first=Warren |title=History and historiography of post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East: studies in honor of John E. Woods |chapter=Mansa Mūsā's gold in Mamluk Cairo: a reappraisal of a world civilizations anecdote |location=Wiesbaden |date=2006}} * {{cite book |last=Thornton |first=John K. |date=10 September 2012 |title=A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250–1820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9DI9rWxowMC&q=Bakr |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521727341 |access-date=12 September 2021 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013051/https://books.google.com/books?id=N9DI9rWxowMC&q=Bakr |url-status=live }} {{refend}}
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