Editing Metacognition (section)

=== In dolphins ===
Smith et al. (1995) evaluated whether dolphins have the ability of metacognitive monitoring in an auditory threshold paradigm.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=J. David|last2=Schull|first2=Jonathan|last3=Strote|first3=Jared|last4=McGee|first4=Kelli|last5=Egnor|first5=Roian|last6=Erb|first6=Linda|date=1995|title=The uncertain response in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.4.391|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General|volume=124|issue=4|pages=391–408|doi=10.1037/0096-3445.124.4.391|pmid=8530911|issn=1939-2222|url-access=subscription}}</ref> A bottlenosed dolphin was trained to discriminate between high-frequency tones and low-frequency tones. An escape option was available on some trials associated with a small reward. Their studies showed that dolphins could appropriately use the uncertain response when the trials were difficult to discriminate.