Editing Metropolitan Opera (section)

===Joseph Volpe===
The model of General Manager as the leading authority in the company returned in 1990 when the company appointed [[Joseph Volpe (opera manager)|Joseph Volpe]]. He was the Met's third-longest serving manager, and was the first head of the company to advance from within its ranks, having started his career there as a carpenter in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/metropolitan-opera-salutes-joe-volpe-at-gala-concert|title=Metropolitan Opera Salutes Joe Volpe at Gala Concert|last=Mattison|first=Ben|date=May 20, 2006|website=[[Playbill]]|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175556/https://www.playbill.com/article/metropolitan-opera-salutes-joe-volpe-at-gala-concert|url-status=live}}</ref> During his tenure, the Met's international touring activities were expanded and Levine focused on expanding and building the Met's orchestra into a world-class symphonic ensemble with its own Carnegie Hall concert series. Under Volpe, the Met considerably expanded its repertory, offering four world premieres and 22 Met premieres, more new works than under any manager since Gatti-Casazza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://operawire.com/joseph-volpes-crowning-achievements-as-general-manager-of-the-metropolitan-opera/|title=Joseph Volpe's Crowning Achievements As General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera – Opera Wire|website=operawire.com|date=July 2, 2017|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924024438/https://operawire.com/joseph-volpes-crowning-achievements-as-general-manager-of-the-metropolitan-opera/|url-status=live}}</ref> Volpe chose [[Valery Gergiev]], who was then the chief conductor and artistic director of the [[Mariinsky Theatre]], as Principal Guest Conductor in 1997 and broadened the Met's Russian repertory. [[Marcelo Álvarez]], [[Gabriela Beňačková]], [[Diana Damrau]], [[Natalie Dessay]], [[Renée Fleming]], [[Juan Diego Flórez]], [[Marcello Giordani]], [[Angela Gheorghiu]], [[Susan Graham]], [[Ben Heppner]], [[Dmitri Hvorostovsky]], [[Salvatore Licitra]], [[Anna Netrebko]], [[René Pape]], [[Neil Rosenshein]], [[Bryn Terfel]], and [[Deborah Voigt]] were among the artists first heard at the Met under his management. He retired as general manager in 2006.