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Morse code
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===Morse code as an assistive technology=== Morse code has been employed as an [[assistive technology]], helping people with a variety of [[disability|disabilities]] to communicate.<ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas W. |last=King |title=Modern Morse code in rehabilitation and education: New applications in assistive technology |publisher=Allyn & Bacon |date=2000 |isbn=9780205287512 |oclc=41070880 |url=https://archive.org/details/modernmorsecodei0000king/page/n8/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jim |last=Lubin |title=Morse Codes for Computer Access |date=2020 |publisher= |url=https://www.makoa.org/jlubin/morsecode.htm}}</ref>{{efn| For people with severe disabilities, both one- and two-switch Morse can be difficult because both depend, to some extent, on timing. ... access products can also offer "three-switch Morse.". In three-switch Morse code, one switch signals dit, while another signals dah, just like two-switch Morse. But a third switch is used to indicate that the letter is complete. This removes the necessity of timing to send Morse code. β D.K. Anson (2018)<ref name=Anson-2018/> }}<ref>{{cite web |title=Morse Code |date=2020 |publisher=Ace Centre (UK ACC Charity) |url=https://acecentre.org.uk/projects/morse-code}}</ref> For example, the Android operating system versions 5.0 and higher allow users to input text using Morse Code as an alternative to a keypad or [[handwriting recognition]].<ref name=Google-android-9011881/> Morse can be sent by persons with severe motion disabilities, as long as they have some minimal motor control. An original solution to the problem that caretakers have to learn to decode has been an electronic typewriter with the codes written on the keys. Codes were sung by users; see the voice typewriter employing Morse or votem.<ref name=Newell-Nabarro-1968/> Morse code can also be translated by computer and used in a speaking communication aid. In some cases, this means alternately blowing into and sucking on a plastic tube ("[[sip-and-puff]]" interface). An important advantage of Morse code over [[Switch access scanning|row column scanning]] is that once learned, it does not require looking at a display. Also, it appears faster than scanning. In one case reported in the radio amateur magazine ''[[QST]]'',<ref name=Ross-1992-03/> an old shipboard radio operator who had a [[stroke]] and lost the ability to speak or write could communicate with his physician (a radio amateur) by blinking his eyes in Morse. Two examples of communication in intensive care units were also published in ''[[QST magazine]]''.<ref name=Curt-1990-07/><ref name=Burch-1990-07/> Another example occurred in 1966 when [[prisoner of war]] [[Jeremiah Denton]], brought on television by his [[North Vietnam]]ese captors, Morse-blinked the word '''{{sc|TORTURE}}'''. In these two cases, interpreters were available to understand those series of eye-blinks.
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