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Musket
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===Outside Eurasia=== During the [[Musket Wars]] period in New Zealand, between 1805 and 1843, at least 500 conflicts took place between various [[Māori people|Māori]] tribes—often using trade muskets in addition to traditional Māori weapons. The muskets were initially cheap Birmingham muskets designed for the use of coarse grain black powder. Maori favoured the shorter barrel versions. Some tribes took advantage of runaway sailors and escaped convicts to expand their understanding of muskets. Early missionaries—one of whom was a trained gunsmith—refused to help Māori repair muskets. Later, common practice was to enlarge the percussion hole and to hold progressively smaller lead balls between the fingers so that muskets could fire several shots without having to remove fouling. Likewise, Māori resorted to thumping the butt of the musket on the ground to settle the ball instead of using a ramrod. Māori favoured the use of the double-barrel shot gun (''Tuparra'' – two barrel) during fighting often using women to reload the weapons when fighting from a [[Pā (Māori)|''Pā'']] (fortified village or hillfort). They often resorted to using nails, stones or anything convenient as "shot". From the 1850s, Māori were able to obtain superior military style muskets with greater range. One of the authors{{clarify|date=April 2019}} was a ''Pakeha'' (European) who lived among Māori, spoke [[Māori language|the language]] fluently, had a Māori wife and took part in many intertribal conflicts as a warrior.<ref>Manning, Frederick. ''Old New Zealand''.</ref><ref>Polack, J. ''New Zealand Volume 2''. Caper 1974 (reprint)</ref>
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