Editing Nerve agent (section)

===Post–World War II===
Since World War II, Iraq's use of mustard gas against Iranian troops and [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] ([[Iran–Iraq War]] of 1980–1988) has been the only large-scale use of any chemical weapons. On the scale of the single Kurdish village of [[Halabja]] within its own territory, Iraqi forces did expose the populace to some kind of chemical weapons, possibly mustard gas and most likely nerve agents.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm|title=Whatever Happened To The Iraqi Kurds?|first = Susan | last = Kinsley | name-list-style = vanc | date = 11 March 1991 | work = Human Rights Watch in Iraq | publisher = Human Rights Watch | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081213235253/https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm | archive-date = 2008-12-13 | url-status = live | access-date = 20 July 2011 }}</ref>

Operatives of the [[Aum Shinrikyo]] religious group made and used [[Sarin]] several times on other Japanese, most notably the [[Tokyo subway sarin attack]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/04/30/national/crime-legal/aum-driver-takahashi-gets-life-term-role-95-Sarin-attack-tokyo-subway/|title=Ex-Aum Shinrikyo member Katsuya Takahashi gets life in prison over 1995 Sarin attack|first=Tomohiro|last=Osaki | name-list-style = vanc |date=30 April 2015|newspaper=Japan Times Online|access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Deadly cults : the crimes of true believers | last = Snow | first = Robert L. | name-list-style = vanc | date = 2003 | publisher = Praeger | isbn = 978-0-275-98052-8 | location = Westport, Conn | oclc = 52602822 | url = https://archive.org/details/deadlycultscrime00snow }}</ref>

In the [[Gulf War]], no nerve agents (nor other chemical weapons) were used, but a number of U.S. and UK personnel were exposed to them when the [[Khamisiyah]] chemical depot was destroyed. This and the widespread use of anticholinergic drugs as a protective treatment against any possible nerve gas attack have been proposed as a possible cause of [[Gulf War syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/gulf/cia/970409/cia_wp.html |title=Khamisiyah: A Historical Perspective on Related Intelligence |author=Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force |date=April 9, 1997 |access-date=March 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722221240/https://fas.org/irp/gulf/cia/970409/cia_wp.html |archive-date=July 22, 2013 }}</ref>

[[Sarin]] gas was deployed in [[Ghouta chemical attack|a 2013 attack]] on [[Ghouta]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]], killing several hundred people. Most governments contend that forces loyal to President [[Bashar al-Assad]] deployed the gas;<ref name="Sellstrom_report">{{cite web |first1=Åke |last1=Sellström |author-link=Åke Sellström |first2=Scott |last2=Cairns |first3=Maurizio |last3=Barbeschi |name-list-style=vanc |title=Report of the United Nations Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic on the alleged use of chemical weapons in the Ghouta area of Damascus on 21 August 2013 |publisher=United Nations |date=16 September 2013 |url=https://disarmament-library.un.org/UNODA/Library.nsf/780cfafd472b047785257b1000501037/e4d4477c9b67de9085257bf800694bd2/$FILE/A%2067%20997-S%202013%20553.pdf |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917130833/http://www.un.org/disarmament/content/slideshow/Secretary_General_Report_of_CW_Investigation.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> however, the [[Syrian Government]] has denied responsibility.

On 13 February 2017, the nerve agent [[VX (nerve agent)|VX]] was used in the [[assassination of Kim Jong-nam]], half-brother of the North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]], at [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2018/03/279079.htm|title=Imposition of Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act Sanctions on North Korea|last=Nauert|first=Heather | name-list-style = vanc |date=March 6, 2018|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|quote=On February 22, 2018, the United States determined under the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act) that the Government of North Korea used the chemical warfare agent VX to assassinate Kim Jong Nam, in the Kuala Lumpur airport.}}</ref>

On 4 March 2018, a former Russian agent (who was convicted of high treason but allowed to live in the [[United Kingdom]] via a [[spy swap]] agreement), [[Sergei Skripal]], and his daughter, who was visiting from Moscow, [[Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal|were both poisoned by a Novichok nerve agent]] in the English city of [[Salisbury]]. They survived, and were subsequently released from hospital.<ref>{{cite news | first1 = Steven | last1 = Morris | first2 = Patrick | last2 = Wintour | title = Sergei Skripal Discharged from Salisbury Hospital |date=18 May 2018 |work= The Guardian (UK) |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/may/18/sergei-skripal-discharged-from-salisbury-hospital |access-date=2018-05-18}}</ref> In addition, a [[Wiltshire Police]] officer, Nick Bailey, was exposed to the substance. He was one of the first to respond to the incident. Twenty-one members of the public received medical treatment following exposure to the nerve agent. Despite this, only Bailey and the Skripals remained in critical condition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia spy latest: Salisbury police officer exposed to nerve agent says he is 'not a hero' and was 'merely doing his job' |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/russia-spy-latest-salisbury-police-officer-nick-bailey-nerve-agent-not-a-hero-a8249711.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/russia-spy-latest-salisbury-police-officer-nick-bailey-nerve-agent-not-a-hero-a8249711.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 March 2018, [[Public Health England]] issued advice for the other people believed to have been in the Mill pub (the location where the attack is believed to have been carried out) or the nearby [[Zizzi]] Restaurant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public health advice following Salisbury nerve agent incident |date=11 March 2018 |work=Gov.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-health-advice-following-salisbury-nerve-agent-incident }}</ref> On 12 March 2018, British Prime Minister [[Theresa May]] stated that the substance used was a Novichok nerve agent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43377856|title=Highly likely Russia behind spy attack – PM|date=2018-03-13|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 30 June 2018, two British nationals, Charlie Rowley and Dawn Sturgess, [[2018 Amesbury poisonings|were poisoned by a Novichok nerve agent]] of the same kind that was used in the Skripal poisoning, which Rowley had found in a discarded perfume bottle and gifted to Sturgess.<ref name=itv-20180724>{{cite news |url=http://www.itv.com/news/2018-07-24/charlie-rowley-novichok-amesbury/ |title=Exclusive: Novichok poisoning victim Charlie Rowley reveals perfume gift he gave to partner contained deadly nerve agent |last=Evelyn |first=Rupert |work=ITV News |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=guardian-20180724>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/24/novichok-victim-ill-within-15-minutes-says-partner-charlie-rowley |title=Novichok victim found substance disguised as perfume in sealed box |first1=Steven |last1=Morris |first2=Kevin |last2=Rawlinson |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=bbc-20180724>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44947162 |title=Novichok: Victim found poison bottle in branded box |work=BBC News |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> Whilst Rowley survived, Sturgess died on 8 July. [[Metropolitan Police]] believe that the poisoning was not a targeted attack, but a result of the way the nerve agent was disposed of after the poisoning in Salisbury.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tobin |first=Olivia |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/novichok-poisoning-probe-police-say-there-is-no-doubt-novichok-victims-are-linked-and-charlie-rowley-a3928426.html |title=Novichok poisoning probe: Police say there is 'no doubt' Novichok victims are linked and Charlie Rowley and Dawn Sturgess were innocent tragic victims |work=Evening Standard |date=5 September 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref>