Editing Old Prussian language (section)

===Nouns===

====Gender====
Old Prussian preserved the Proto-Baltic neuter. Therefore, it had three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter).<ref name="Nesselmann">{{cite book|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|title=Die Sprache der alten Preußen an ihren Überresten erklärt|trans-title=The language of the old Prussians explained using its remains|first=Georg H. F.|last=Nesselmann|author-link=
Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann|language=de|orig-date=1845|date=2018|publication-place=Berlin, Boston|isbn=9783111497969}}</ref>{{rp|pages=41{{Hyphen}}42; 47}}<ref name="HGOP">{{cite book|first=Vytautas|last=Mažiulis|author-link=Vytautas Mažiulis|translator-first=Mykolas Letas|translator-last=Palmaitis|title=Historical grammar of Old Prussian|isbn= 978-609-8122-90-9|place=Vilnius |year=2004|publisher=Vilniaus universiteto leidykla}}</ref>{{rp|page=40}}{{r|Dini|pages=355{{Hyphen}}356}}

====Number====
Most scholars agree that there are two numbers, singular and plural, in Old Prussian,{{r|Nesselmann|pages=41{{Hyphen}}42; 47}}{{r|HGOP|page=40}}{{r|Dini|page=353}} while some consider remnants of [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual number]] identifiable in the existent corpus.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Enzelīns |first1=Jānis |title=Senprūšu valoda: Ievads, gramatika un leksika |date=1943 |publisher=Universitātes apgāds |location=Riga |pages=76, 80, 83}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference | author-first=Jules |author-last=Levin |editor-first1=Arvids Jr.|editor-last1=Ziedonis|editor-first2=Jaan|editor-last2=Puhvel|editor-first3=Rimvydas|editor-last3=Šilbajoris|editor-last4=Valgemäe|editor-first4=Mardi|title=-ja stems and -e stems in the Elbing Vocabulary|book-title=Baltic Literature and Linguistics|place=Columbus|conference=Conference on Baltic studies|publisher=Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies|pages=189{{Hyphen}}196|year=1973|oclc=867673}}</ref>{{r|Berneker|page=198}}

====Cases====
There is no consensus on the number of [[case (grammar)|cases]] that Old Prussian had, and at least four can be determined with certainty: nominative, genitive, accusative and dative, with different [[suffix]]es.{{r|Berneker|pages=171{{Hyphen}}197}}{{r|Dini|page=356}}{{r|HGOP|page=40}} Most scholars agree, that there are traces of a [[vocative case]], such as in the phrase ''{{lang|prg|O Deiwe Rikijs}}'' 'O God the Lord', reflecting the inherited [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] vocative ending *''{{PIE|-e}}'',{{r|Berneker|pages=251}}{{r|Rinkevicius|page=109}} differing from nominative forms in o-stem nouns only.{{r|Dini|page=356}}

Some scholars find instrumental forms,{{r|Berneker|page=197}} while the traditional view is that no instrumental case existed in Old Prussian.{{r|Dini|page=356}} There could be some locative forms, e.g. {{lang|prg|bītai}} ('in the evening').{{r|Dini|page=356}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mažiulis |first1=Vytautas |author-link=Vytautas Mažiulis |title=Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas |date=1988 |publisher=Mokslas |location=Vilnius |page=144 |edition=1 |language=lt |volume=1 |trans-title=Etymological Dictionary of Old Prussian }}</ref>

====Noun stems====
Declensional classes were ''a''-stems (also called ''o''-stems), ''(i)ja''-stems (also called ''(i)jo''-stems), ''ā''-stems (feminine), ''ē''-stems (feminine), ''i''-stems, ''u''-stems, and consonant-stems.{{r|Rinkevicius|pages=66{{Hyphen}}80}}{{r|HGOP|pages=41{{Hyphen}}62}}{{r|Dini|pages=357}}{{r|Schmalstieg|pages=42{{Hyphen}}43}} Some also list ''ī''/''jā''-stems as a separate stem,{{r|Rinkevicius|pages=66{{Hyphen}}80}}{{r|HGOP|pages=41{{Hyphen}}62}} while others include ''jā''-stems into ''ā''-stems and do not mention ''ī''-stems at all.{{r|Schmalstieg|page=37}}