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Oral tradition
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===Oceania=== ====Australia==== [[Australian Aboriginal culture]] has thrived on oral traditions and oral histories passed down through thousands of years. In a study published in February 2020, new evidence showed that both [[Budj Bim]] and [[Tower Hill (volcano)|Tower Hill]] volcanoes erupted between 34,000 and 40,000 years ago.<ref name=earlier>{{cite web | first=Sian | last=Johnson | title=Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe | website=ABC News | date=26 February 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-26/study-dates-victorian-volcano-that-buried-a-human-made-axe/11991290 | access-date=9 March 2020 | archive-date=8 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908041638/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-26/study-dates-victorian-volcano-that-buried-a-human-made-axe/11991290 | url-status=live }}</ref> Significantly, this is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]]", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the oral histories of the [[Gunditjmara]] people, an [[Aboriginal Australian]] people of south-western Victoria, which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence.<ref name="MatchanPhillips2020">{{cite journal |last1=Matchan |first1=Erin L. |last2=Phillips |first2=David |last3=Jourdan |first3=Fred |last4=Oostingh |first4=Korien |title=Early human occupation of southeastern Australia: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating of young volcanoes |journal=Geology |date=April 2020 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=390β394 |doi=10.1130/G47166.1 |bibcode=2020Geo....48..390M |s2cid=214357121 }}</ref> A basalt stone axe found underneath [[volcanic ash]] in 1947 had already proven that humans inhabited the region before the eruption of Tower Hill.<ref name=earlier/>
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