Editing Orthogonality (section)

==Chemistry and biochemistry==

In chemistry and biochemistry, an orthogonal interaction occurs when there are two pairs of substances and each substance can interact with their respective partner, but does not interact with either substance of the other pair. For example, [[DNA]] has two orthogonal pairs: cytosine and guanine form a base-pair, and adenine and thymine form another base-pair, but other base-pair combinations are strongly disfavored. As a chemical example, tetrazine reacts with transcyclooctene and azide reacts with cyclooctyne without any cross-reaction, so these are mutually orthogonal reactions, and so, can be performed simultaneously and selectively.<ref>{{cite journal|doi = 10.1002/anie.201104389|title = Bioorthogonal Reaction Pairs Enable Simultaneous, Selective, Multi-Target Imaging|year = 2012|last1 = Karver|first1 = Mark R.|last2 = Hilderbrand|first2 = Scott A.|journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume = 51|issue = 4|pages = 920–2|pmc=3304098|pmid=22162316}}</ref> 

===Organic synthesis===
{{Main|Organic synthesis|Orthogonal protection}}
In [[organic synthesis]], [[orthogonal protection]] is a strategy allowing the deprotection of [[functional group]]s independently of each other. 

===Bioorthogonal chemistry===
{{Excerpt|Bioorthogonal chemistry|only=paragraph}}

===Supramolecular chemistry===
{{Main|Supramolecular chemistry}}
In [[supramolecular chemistry]] the notion of orthogonality refers to the possibility of two or more supramolecular, often [[non-covalent]], interactions being compatible; reversibly forming without interference from the other.

===Analytical chemistry===
{{Main|Analytical chemistry}}
In [[analytical chemistry]], analyses are "orthogonal" if they make a measurement or identification in completely different ways, thus increasing the reliability of the measurement. Orthogonal testing thus can be viewed as "cross-checking" of results, and the "cross" notion corresponds to the [[#Etymology|etymologic origin of ''orthogonality'']]. Orthogonal testing is often required as a part of a [[new drug application]].