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Path integral formulation
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=== Measure-theoretic factors === Sometimes (e.g. a particle moving in curved space) we also have measure-theoretic factors in the functional integral: : <math>\int \mu[x] e^{iS[x]} \,\mathcal{D}x.</math> This factor is needed to restore unitarity. For instance, if : <math>S = \int \left( \frac{m}{2} g_{ij} \dot{x}^i \dot{x}^j - V(x) \right) \,dt,</math> then it means that each spatial slice is multiplied by the measure {{math|{{sqrt|''g''}}}}. This measure cannot be expressed as a functional multiplying the {{math|{{mathcal|D}}''x''}} measure because they belong to entirely different classes.
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