Editing Pedal keyboard (section)

==In non-classical music==

===Jazz organ===

After jazz organist [[Jimmy Smith (musician)|Jimmy Smith]] popularized the [[Hammond organ]] in jazz in the 1950s, many jazz pianists "...&nbsp;who thought that getting organ-ized would be a snap ..." realized that the Hammond "...&nbsp;B-3 required not only a strong left hand, but studied coordination on the pedals to create the strong and solid "jazz bass" feel."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/organ.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119003211/http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/organ.html |archive-date=19 January 2013 |title=Organ Grinder Swing |author=Tom Vickers}}</ref> [[Barbara Dennerlein]] combines advanced pedalboard techniques with agile playing on the [[Manual (music)|manuals]]. Organists who play the bassline on the lower manual may do short taps on the bass pedals – often on the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] of a tune's key and in the lowest register of the pedalboard – to simulate the low, resonant sound of a plucked [[upright bass]] string.

In popular music, pedaling style may be more varied and idiosyncratic, in part because jazz or pop organists may be self-taught. Also, pedaling styles may differ due to the design of electromechanical organs and spinet organs, many of which have shorter pedalboards designed to play primarily with the left foot, so that the right foot can control a volume (swell) pedal.
[[File:Hammond TR200.jpg|thumb|right|200px|This Hammond spinet organ shows the relatively short pedals and 13-note range used on spinet organs]]

===Rock and fusion===
{{Main|Bass pedals}}
In the 1970s, some [[progressive rock]] groups such as [[Yes (band)|Yes]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]], [[Atomic Rooster]] and [[Rush (band)|Rush]] used standalone [[Moog Taurus]] bass pedalboard synths, which were nicknamed "bass pedals" (despite the fact that the Taurus could play in a wide range, from bass to treble range). The Taurus generated an analog synth bass tone for amplification by a [[bass amp]]. Other groups, such as [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Van Der Graaf Generator]] used the bass pedals of the [[Hammond organ]] in place of a [[bass guitar]] for several of their recordings and for live performances.

Other users included metal and hard rock bands such as [[Yngwie Malmsteen]], [[Styx (band)|Styx]], and [[Francis Buchholz]] of the [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]], and Justin Harris of [[Menomena]]. Ex-Genesis guitarist [[Steve Hackett]] had a set mounted waist high, which his brother, [[John Hackett (musician)|John Hackett]], played with his hands for the intro of ''Clocks – The Angel Of Mons'' from the album [[Spectral Mornings]]. [[Adam Jones (musician)|Adam Jones]] of [[Tool (band)|Tool]] uses the Moog Taurus along with an [[Access Virus]] B synth to trigger live effects. The keyboardist for the rock group [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]] took this idea to its logical conclusion by performing all of the first movement, and part of the second of ''The Three Fates'' on the organ of [[Royal Festival Hall]] in [[London]].
[[File:Moog Taurus (small).jpg|thumb|right|200px|A 1970s-era Moog Taurus synth]]
As well, some pop groups (e.g., [[The Police]], [[Muse (band)|Muse]], [[U2]]) and [[fusion jazz|fusion]] bands have used bass pedalboards to produce sounds in the bass range. They are most commonly used by keyboard players as an adjunct to keyboards, but can be played in combination with other instruments (e.g., by the bass guitar or electric guitar player), or by themselves.

Standalone pedalboards usually have a 13-note range and short pedals, which limits the types of basslines to fairly simple passages. A group's [[bass guitarist]] or electric guitarist playing the pedalboard from a standing position can only use one foot at a time, which further limits what they can play. The BASYN analog bass synthesizer is a two-[[Voltage-controlled oscillator|VCO]] [[analog synthesizer]] with a 13-note "button board"—with momentary push-button switches in place of pedals. Another variant used in rock bands is a bass pedalboard laid out as a [[tablature]] representation of part of the four strings of an electric [[bass guitar]].{{cn|date=February 2018}}

===MIDI and synthesizer pedalboards===
In the 1990s, standalone electronic [[MIDI controller]] pedalboards became widely available. Unlike the Moog Taurus pedalboards, MIDI pedalboards do not produce tones by themselves, but control a MIDI-compatible electronic keyboard or MIDI sequencer. In jazz [[organ trio]]s, a keyboardist using this type of pedalboard usually connects it to a MIDI-compatible [[clonewheel organ|electronic Hammond organ-style keyboard]]. On modern electronic synthesizers such as the [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] [[Electone]], the pedals are not limited to traditional bass notes but may instead produce many different sounds, including high-register tones. While MIDI pedalboards are typically used for musical sounds, since they use MIDI, technically the footpedals could be used to trigger lights or other electronic elements of a show.

MIDI pedalboards offer a range of features. Some MIDI pedalboards contain velocity-sensitive triggers, which produce MIDI velocity information for musical dynamics. MIDI pedalboards such as the 13-note Roland PK-5 include a row of MIDI toe switches above the pedal keyboard, so the performer can select preset tones or MIDI channels or change the octave.  Larger 25-note Roland pedalboards also include an expression pedal for controlling the volume or other parameters. 

In the 2000s, controller designer Keith McMillen developed a 13-note velocity-sensitive pedalboard, the [[12 Step foot controller]], a MIDI controller with a [[USB]] output that can be connected to a [[MIDI]]-equipped [[synthesizer]] or [[sound module]]. McMillen's pedalboard differs from other pedalboards in that it senses a variety of types of velocity and pressure, which the user can program to cause different effects on the synthesizer patch. McMillen's pedalboard can be programmed so that pressing an individual pedal triggers chords (up to five simultaneous notes), which a [[one person band]] could use to provide [[accompaniment]] for live shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.keithmcmillen.com/products/12-step/ |title=12 Step USB MIDI Bass Pedal Foot Controller |access-date=2016-04-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326091725/https://www.keithmcmillen.com/products/12-step |archive-date=2016-03-26 }}</ref>

The Roland PK-9 and the Hammond XPK-200 are 20-note pedalboards that sound from low C to a high G. The Nord PedalKeys is a 27-note pedalboard, going from a low C to a high D. As compared with a 25-note pedalboard, the PedalKeys adds a high C# and a high D.

Some MIDI pedalboards are designed for the church pipe organ market, which means that they use AGO specifications such as a 32-note range. Most pipe organ-style MIDI pedalboards are too unwieldy for transportation, so they are typically installed under the upper manuals. However, a German company makes a MIDI pedalboard with a hinge in the middle and wheels on the underside for easy transport. Since AGO-specification MIDI pedalboards are often priced in between [[US$]]1000 and US$3000, some amateur home organists make [[DIY]] MIDI pedalboards by retrofitting an old pedalboard with MIDI. Due to the popularity of [[theater organ]]s and [[Hammond organ]]s during the 1950s and 1960s, many organ parts are on the market—including pedalboards (often with less than 32 notes, such as 20 or 25 notes) that cost under US$300. After the pedalboard is cleaned up and glass [[reed switch]]es are repaired or replaced, the pedal contacts are soldered into a [[keyboard matrix (music)|keyboard matrix circuit]]-equipped MIDI encoder, which then connects to any MIDI device to produce the sound of an organ or other instrument.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hackaday.com/2008/04/18/diy-midi-pedalboard/|title=DIY Midi pedalboard|date=19 April 2008|website=hackaday.com|access-date=24 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227153414/https://hackaday.com/2008/04/18/diy-midi-pedalboard/|archive-date=27 February 2018}}</ref>