Editing Pluricentric language (section)

=== Serbo-Croatian ===
{{See also|Language secessionism#In Serbo-Croatian}}
[[Serbo-Croatian]] is a pluricentric language{{Sfn | Kordić | 2024 | p = 168–169}} with four standards (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian) promoted in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Montenegro]], and [[Serbia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mørk |first=Henning |year=2002 |language=da |title=Serbokroatisk grammatik: substantivets morfologi |trans-title=Serbo-Croatian Grammar: Noun Morphology |series=Arbejdspapirer ; vol. 1 |location=Århus |publisher=Slavisk Institut, Århus Universitet |page=unpaginated (Preface) |oclc=471591123}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Brozović |first=Dalibor |author-link=Dalibor Brozović |editor1-last=Clyne |editor1-first=Michael G |title=Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |pages=347–380 |chapter=Serbo-Croatian as a pluricentric language |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&q=serbo-croatian+pluricentric&pg=PA347 |series=Contributions to the sociology of language 62 |location=Berlin & New York |year=1992 |isbn=3-11-012855-1 |oclc=24668375 |access-date=2 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bunčić |first=Daniel |editor1-last=Kempgen |editor1-first=Sebastian |title=Deutsche Beiträge zum 14. Internationalen Slavistenkongress, Ohrid, 2008 |series=Welt der Slaven |publisher=Otto Sagner |page=93 |language=de |chapter=Die (Re-)Nationalisierung der serbokroatischen Standards |trans-chapter=The (Re-)Nationalisation of Serbo-Croatian Standards |location=Munich |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-86688-007-8 |oclc=238795822}} [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC06909884 (ÖNB)].</ref><ref name="JiN">{{cite book |last=Kordić |first=Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |year=2018|orig-date=1st pub. 2010 |language=sh |title=Jezik i nacionalizam |trans-title=Language and Nationalism |url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/475567.Jezik_i_nacionalizam.pdf |url-status=live |series=Rotulus Universitas |location=Zagreb |publisher=Durieux |pages=69–168 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3467646 |isbn=978-953-188-311-5 |lccn=2011520778 |oclc=729837512 |ol=15270636W |s2cid=220918333 |id={{CROSBI|475567}} |archive-date=1 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601175359/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/475567.Jezik_i_nacionalizam.pdf |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Zanelli|first=Aldo|year=2018|title=Eine Analyse der Metaphern in der kroatischen Linguistikfachzeitschrift Jezik von 1991 bis 1997|trans-title=An analysis of the metaphors in the Croatian linguistic journal Jezik from 1991 to 1997|language=de|series=Studien zur Slavistik ; 41|location=Hamburg|publisher=Dr. Kovač|pages=20–21|isbn=978-3-8300-9773-0|oclc=1023608613|id={{CROSBI|935754}}}} [http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=001013945 (NSK)]. [https://koha.ffzg.hr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=385977 (FFZG)].</ref><ref name=sipka>{{cite book|last=Šipka|first=Danko|author-link=Danko Sipka|year=2019|title=Lexical layers of identity: words, meaning, and culture in the Slavic languages|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=166|doi=10.1017/9781108685795|isbn=978-953-313-086-6|s2cid=150383965|lccn=2018048005 |oclc=1061308790}}</ref> These standards do differ slightly, but do not hinder [[mutual intelligibility]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pohl |first=Hans-Dieter |editor1-last=Ohnheiser |editor1-first=Ingeborg |title=Wechselbeziehungen zwischen slawischen Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart : Akten der Tagung aus Anlaß des 25jährigen Bestehens des Instituts für Slawistik an der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 25. – 27. Mai 1995 |series=Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Slavica aenipontana ; vol. 4 |publisher=Non Lieu |page=219 |language=de |chapter=Serbokroatisch – Rückblick und Ausblick |trans-chapter=Serbo-Croatian – Looking backward and forward |location=Innsbruck |year=1996 |isbn=3-85124-180-0 |oclc=243829127}} [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC06149239 (ÖNB)].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kordić |first=Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |editor1-last=Golubović |editor1-first=Biljana |editor2-last=Raecke |editor2-first=Jochen |title=Bosnisch – Kroatisch – Serbisch als Fremdsprachen an den Universitäten der Welt |publisher=Otto Sagner |pages=93–102 |language=de |chapter=Nationale Varietäten der serbokroatischen Sprache |trans-chapter=National Varieties of Serbo-Croatian |chapter-url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/426566.NATIONALE_VARIETATEN_DER.PDF |url-status=live |series=Die Welt der Slaven, Sammelbände – Sborniki, Band 31 |location=Munich |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-86688-032-0 |oclc=244788988 |ssrn=3434432 |id={{CROSBI|426566}} |archive-date=1 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601173739/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/426566.NATIONALE_VARIETATEN_DER.PDF |access-date=5 October 2013}} [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC07155292 (ÖNB)].</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gröschel |first=Bernhard| author-link=Bernhard Gröschel |year=2009 |language=de |title=Das Serbokroatische zwischen Linguistik und Politik: mit einer Bibliographie zum postjugoslavischen Sprachenstreit |trans-title=Serbo-Croatian Between Linguistics and Politics: With a Bibliography of the Post-Yugoslav Language Dispute |series=Lincom Studies in Slavic Linguistics 34 |location=Munich |publisher=Lincom Europa |page=451 |isbn=978-3-929075-79-3 |oclc=428012015 |lccn=2009473660 |ol=15295665W}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Thomas, Paul-Louis |title=Le serbo-croate (bosniaque, croate, monténégrin, serbe): de l'étude d'une langue à l'identité des langues |trans-title=Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian): from the study of a language to the identity of languages |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/slave_0080-2557_2002_num_74_2_6801 |language=fr |journal=Revue des études slaves |volume=74 |issue=2–3 |page=325 |year=2003 |issn=0080-2557 |oclc=754204160 |id={{ZDB|208723-6}} |access-date=5 March 2013}} [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC07247877 (ÖNB)].</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |title=Le serbo-croate aujourd'hui: entre aspirations politiques et faits linguistiques |trans-title=Serbo-Croatian nowadays: between political aspirations and linguistic facts |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/slave_0080-2557_2004_num_75_1_6860 |language=fr |journal=Revue des études slaves |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=31–43 |year=2004 |doi=10.3406/slave.2004.6860 |issn=0080-2557 |oclc=754207802 |s2cid=228222009 |ssrn=3433041 |id={{CROSBI|430127}}. {{ZDB|208723-6}} |archive-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529002251/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430127.LE_SERBO-CROATE_AUJOURDHUI.PDF |access-date=16 April 2020}} [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC07248653 (ÖNB)].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kafadar |first=Enisa |editor1-last=Henn-Memmesheimer |editor1-first=Beate |editor2-last=Franz |editor2-first=Joachim |title=Die Ordnung des Standard und die Differenzierung der Diskurse; Teil 1 |publisher=Peter Lang |page=103 |language=de |chapter=Bosnisch, Kroatisch, Serbisch – Wie spricht man eigentlich in Bosnien-Herzegowina? |trans-chapter=Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian – How do people really speak in Bosnia-Herzegovina? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63hKaFGtTDAC&pg=PA95 |location=Frankfurt am Main |year=2009 |isbn= 9783631599174|oclc=699514676 |access-date=9 August 2012 }}</ref> Rather, as all four standardised varieties are based on the prestige [[Shtokavian]] dialect, major differences in intelligibility are identified not on the basis of standardised varieties, but rather dialects, like [[Kajkavian]] and [[Chakavian]].<ref name="JiN"/>"Lexical differences between the ethnic variants are extremely limited, even when compared with those between closely related Slavic languages (such as standard Czech and Slovak, Bulgarian and Macedonian), and grammatical differences are even less pronounced. More importantly, complete understanding between the ethnic variants of the standard language makes translation and second language teaching impossible."<ref name=sipka/>