Editing Power-line communication (section)

== Standards ==

Two distinctly different sets of standards apply to powerline networking as of early 2010.

Within homes, the [[IEEE 1901]] standards specify how, globally, existing AC wires should be employed for data purposes. The IEEE 1901 includes Nessum and HomePlug AV as baseline technologies. Any IEEE 1901 products can coexist and be fully interoperable between products using the same technology. On the other hand, medium-frequency home control devices remain divided, although X10 tends to be dominant. For power grid use, IEEE has approved a low-frequency (≤ 500&nbsp;kHz) standard called IEEE 1901.2 in 2013.<ref name=ieee1901-2>{{cite web |title= IEEE 1901.2-2013 - IEEE Standard for Low-Frequency (less than 500 kHz) Narrowband Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications |website=IEEE SA |url=https://standards.ieee.org/standard/1901_2-2013.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216053334/https://standards.ieee.org/standard/1901_2-2013.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2018 |access-date= 23 December 2013 }}</ref>

Several competing organizations have developed specifications, including the [[HomePlug Powerline Alliance]] (defunct), [[Universal Powerline Association]] (defunct), and [[Nessum Alliance]] (active). In October 2009, the ITU-T adopted Recommendation [[G.hn]]/G.9960 as a standard of networks for high-speed powerline, coax, and phoneline communications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx |title=New Global Standard for Fully Networked Home |publisher= ITU-T Newslog  |date=2008-12-12 |access-date=2010-10-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090736/http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref> The [[National Energy Marketers Association]] (a US trade body) was also involved in advocating for standards.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEM: National Energy Marketers Association |url=https://www.energymarketers.com |website=www.energymarketers.com|access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref>

In July 2009, the IEEE Power line Communication Standards Committee approved its draft standard for broadband over power lines. The [[IEEE 1901]] final standard was published on 30 December 2010, and included features from HomePlug and Nessum. Power line communication via IEEE 1901 and [[IEEE 1905]] compliant devices is indicated by the [[nVoy]] certification all major vendors of such devices committed to in 2013. &nbsp;[[NIST]] has included [[IEEE 1901]] (Nessum, [[HomePlug]] AV) and [[ITU-T]] [[G.hn]] as "Additional Standards Identified by NIST Subject to Further Review" for the [[Smart grid in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf |title=NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 |publisher=Nist.gov |access-date=2012-05-08}}</ref> IEEE also came up with a low-frequency standard for long-distance smart grids called IEEE 1901.2 in 2013.<ref name=ieee1901-2/>