Editing Predatory pricing (section)

===Australia===
Predatory pricing is illegal in Australia under the [[Competition and Consumer Act 2010]] (formally known as the [[Competition and Consumer Act 2010|Trade Practices Act]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Education |title=Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency Act 2011 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021C00287/Html/Text |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.legislation.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> The Act prohibits the use of this particular commercial strategy by dominant firms with significant quantity of the market share within the industry of operation. The Act defines the strategy as a dominant firm employing the method of undercutting or underselling with the intention to force competitors to exit or prevent entry to the industry. The dominant firm can only have significant quantity of the market share in an industry if the firm is not substantially impacted or constrained by its competitors on suppliers and consumers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005|title=Predatory Price|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/AUCCCUpdate/2005/5.html|access-date=1 November 2020|website=Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Update|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629062100/http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/AUCCCUpdate/2005/5.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, the Australian government amended the Competition and Consumer Act by introducing an "effects test". This particular test determined engagement in predatory pricing if a firm were discovered to be selling goods or services at prices likely to lead to the lessening of competition in a market industry. This amendment to the Act was one of the changes included in the "Harper reforms" that expanded the predatory pricing definition to include the effect of below-cost prices in lessening competition regardless of firm market power. The Harper reforms were introduced to allow for smaller firms to stand ground amongst larger firms engaging in predatory behaviour and anti-competitive strategies.<ref>Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC). (2013). Predatory Pricing: A guide to the predatory pricing provisions in the Competition and Consumer Act 2010</ref>

In 2020, further amendments to the Act created a new threshold test to prohibit those engaging in predatory pricing and strengthen the prohibition of market power misuse. These amendments were made in response to the recommendations made during the Harper reforms. The amendments, labelled the "Birdsville Amendments" after Senator [[Barnaby Joyce]], penned the idea<ref>{{citation|url=http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/04/2050770.htm|title=Predatory pricing laws shock big operators|access-date=2009-03-16|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC Australia]]|date=2007-10-04|archive-date=2009-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113161035/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/10/04/2050770.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> in Section 46, to define the practice more liberally than other behavior by requiring the business to first have a "substantial share of a market" (rather than substantial market power). This was made in a move to further protect smaller businesses from larger players and their misuse of market power.