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Pusher configuration
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====Safety==== =====Propeller===== [[Image:Piaggio P 180 Avanti 2004 by-RaBoe.jpg|thumb|[[Piaggio P.180 Avanti]] with engines mounted on the wing trailing edge, away from passengers, allowing safer boarding.]] In case of propeller/tail proximity, a blade break can hit the tail or produce destructive vibrations, leading to a loss of control.<ref>[[Grinvalds Orion]] crash in 1985, Experimental magazine n°2, March 1986, pages 20-24, Extrait du Rapport d'expertise: "La cause initiale de l'accident la plus probable est la rupture du mécanisme de commande de pas d'une pale de l'hélice. Cette rupture a a engendré des vibrations importantes de la partie arrière de l'avion... ruptures structurales... privant les pilotes des commandes de vol de profondeur et de direction". Failure of the pitch command system of one blade, important propeller vibrations, structural break, loss of pitch and yaw control</ref> Crew members risk striking the propeller while attempting to [[parachute|bail out]] of a single-engined airplane with a pusher prop.<ref>{{cite book |last= Brown|first= Eric|date= 1961|title= Wings on My Sleeve|location= London, England|publisher= Weidenfeld & Nicolson|pages= 150–151|chapter= Chapter 10|isbn= 9780753822098}}</ref> At least one early ejector seat was designed specifically to counter this risk.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Some modern light aircraft include a [[Ballistic Recovery Systems#Products|parachute system]] that saves the entire aircraft, thus averting the need to bail out.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} =====Engine===== Engine location in the pusher configuration might endanger the aircraft's occupants in a crash or crash-landing in which engine momentum projects through the cabin. For example, with the engine placed directly behind the cabin, during a nose-on impact, the engine momentum may carry the engine through the firewall and cabin, and might injure some cabin occupants.<ref group="note">Crash of [[Ambrosini SS.4]]</ref> =====Aircraft loading===== Spinning propellers are always a hazard on ground working, such as loading or embarking the airplane. The tractor configuration leaves the rear of the plane as relatively safe working area, while a pusher is dangerous to approach from behind, while a spinning propeller may suck in things and people nearby in front of it with fatal results to both the plane and the people sucked in.{{undue weight inline|reason=Are pusher aircraft uniquely dangerous to ground crews compared to tractor aircraft?|date=April 2021}} Even more hazardous are unloading operations, especially mid-air, such as dropping supplies on parachute or skydiving operations, which are next to impossible with a pusher configuration airplane, especially if propellers are mounted on fuselage or sponsons.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
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