Editing Smallpox vaccine (section)

=== Anti-terrorism preparation ===

Among more than 270,000 US military service members vaccinated with smallpox vaccine between December 2002, and March 2003, eighteen cases of probable [[myopericarditis]] were reported (all in first-time vaccinees who received the NYCBOH strain of vaccinia virus), an incidence of 7.8 per 100,000 during the 30 days they were observed. All cases were in young, otherwise healthy adult white men and all survived.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Halsell JS, Riddle JR, Atwood JE, Gardner P, Shope R, Poland GA, Gray GC, Ostroff S, Eckart RE, Hospenthal DR, Gibson RL, Grabenstein JD, Arness MK, Tornberg DN |date=June 2003 |title=Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel |journal=JAMA |volume=289 |issue=24 |pages=3283–3289 |doi=10.1001/jama.289.24.3283 |pmid=12824210}}</ref>

In 2002, the United States government started [[2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign|a program]] to vaccinate 500,000 volunteer health care professionals throughout the country. Recipients were healthcare workers who would be first-line responders in the event of a bioterrorist attack. Many healthcare workers refused or did not pursue vaccination, worried about vaccine side effects, compensation and liability. Most did not see an immediate need for the vaccine. Some healthcare systems refused to participate, worried about becoming a destination for smallpox patients in the event of an epidemic.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Strom B, Stratton K, Anason AP, Baciu A |url=https://www.nap.edu/read/11240/chapter/6 |title=The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism |publisher=National Academies Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-309-54877-2 |location=Washington, DC |pages=82–97 |chapter=4. Lessons Learned from the Smallpox Vaccination Program |doi=10.17226/11240 |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314005423/https://www.nap.edu/read/11240/chapter/6 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fewer than 40,000 actually received the vaccine.<ref name="ns2003">{{cite news |date=22 August 2003 |title=US smallpox vaccination plan grinds to a halt |work=New Scientist |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4074-us-smallpox-vaccination-plan-grinds-to-a-halt/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207023525/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4074-us-smallpox-vaccination-plan-grinds-to-a-halt/ |archive-date=7 February 2022 |vauthors=Mackenzie D}}</ref>

On 21 April 2022, [[Public Services and Procurement Canada]] published a notice of tender seeking to stockpile 500,000 doses of smallpox vaccine in order to protect against a potential accidental or intentional release of the eradicated virus.<ref>{{cite web | work = Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=21 April 2022 |title=Third Generation Smallpox Vaccine (6D024-215700/A) |url=https://buyandsell.gc.ca/procurement-data/tender-notice/PW-PH-893-81160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620184646/https://buyandsell.gc.ca/procurement-data/tender-notice/PW-PH-893-81160 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 | publisher = [[Government of Canada]]}}</ref> On 6 May, the contract was awarded to [[Bavarian Nordic]] for their Imvamune vaccine.<ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Osman L |date=20 May 2022 |title=Canada considering smallpox vaccine for monkeypox cases, says Dr. Theresa Tam |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/canada-considering-smallpox-vaccine-for-monkeypox-cases-says-dr-theresa-tam-1.5913357 |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=[[CTV News]] |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620202548/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/canada-considering-smallpox-vaccine-for-monkeypox-cases-says-dr-theresa-tam-1.5913357 }}</ref> These were deployed by the [[Public Health Agency of Canada]] for targeted vaccination in response to the [[2022 mpox outbreak]].<ref>{{cite web | work = [[Public Health Agency of Canada]] |date=24 May 2022 |title=Statement from the Minister of Health on Canada's Response to Monkeypox |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/news/2022/05/statement-from-the-minister-of-health-on-canadas-response-to-monkeypox.html |access-date=26 May 2022 | publisher = [[Government of Canada]] |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611020614/https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/news/2022/05/statement-from-the-minister-of-health-on-canadas-response-to-monkeypox.html |url-status=live }}</ref>