Editing Software engineering (section)

=== Employment ===
{{globalize|United States|date=September 2021}}
{{See also|Software engineering demographics}}

There are an estimated 26.9 million professional software engineers in the world as of 2022, up from 21 million in 2016.<ref name="2022-numbers">{{cite web |last1=Labs |first1=Qubit |title=How Many Programmers are there in the World and in the US? [2023] |url=https://qubit-labs.com/how-many-programmers-in-the-world/ |website=Qubit Labs |access-date=7 February 2023 |date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="SO2016">{{cite web|url=http://evansdata.com/reports/viewRelease.php?reportID=9|title=Global Developer Population and Demographic Study 2016 V2|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=[[Evans Data Corporation]]|accessdate=19 January 2017}}</ref>

Many software engineers work as employees or contractors. Software engineers work with businesses, government agencies (civilian or military), and non-profit organizations. Some software engineers work for themselves as [[freelancer]]s. Some organizations have specialists to perform each of the tasks in the [[software development process]]. Other organizations require software engineers to do many or all of them. In large projects, people may specialize in only one role. In small projects, people may fill several or all roles at the same time. Many companies hire [[Internship|interns]], often university or college students during a summer break, or [[externship]]s. Specializations include [[Requirements analysis|analysts]], [[Software architecture|architects]], [[Software developer|developers]], [[Software testing|testers]], [[technical support]], [[middleware analyst]]s, [[Project management|project managers]], [[Software product management|software product managers]], [[educator]]s, and [[researcher]]s.

Most software engineers and programmers work 40 hours a week, but about 15 percent of software engineers and 11 percent of programmers worked more than 50 hours a week in 2008.<ref name="bloomberg2020"/> Potential injuries in these occupations are possible because like other workers who spend long periods [[Sitting#Health risks|sitting]] in front of a computer terminal typing at a keyboard, engineers and programmers are susceptible to eyestrain, back discomfort, [[Thrombosis prevention|Thrombosis]], [[Obesity]], and hand and wrist problems such as [[carpal tunnel syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos303.htm#training|title=Computer Software Engineers and Computer Programmers|access-date=2009-12-17}}</ref>

==== United States ====
The [[Bureau of Labor Statistics|U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]] (BLS) counted 1,365,500 software developers holding jobs in the [[United States|U.S.]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Software Developers |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/software-developers.htm |work=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U. S. Bureau of labor Statistics |date=4 September 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> Due to its relative newness as a field of study, formal education in software engineering is often taught as part of a computer science curriculum, and many software engineers hold computer science degrees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/computing-disciplines.pdf |title=Computing Disciplines and Majors |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> The BLS estimates from 2023 to 2033 that computer software engineering would increase by 17%.<ref name="softdev">{{cite web|url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/software-developers.htm |title=Software Developers: Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> This is down from the 2022 to 2032 BLS estimate of 25% for software engineering.<ref name="softdev"/><ref name="C.S.E.">{{cite web |title=Computer Software Engineer |url=http://www.bls.gov/k12/computers04.htm |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=March 19, 2010 |access-date=July 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726002354/http://www.bls.gov/k12/computers04.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2013}}</ref> And, is further down from their 30% 2010 to 2020 BLS estimate.<ref name="CSE2">{{cite web |title=Software Developers |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/software-developers.htm |date=January 8, 2014 |publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics |access-date=July 21, 2012}}</ref> Due to this trend, job growth may not be as fast as during the last decade, as jobs that would have gone to computer software engineers in the United States would instead be outsourced to computer software engineers in countries such as India and other foreign countries.<ref name="bls.gov" /><ref name="bloomberg2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-08-04/big-tech-wants-you-to-believe-america-has-a-skills-gap |title=Tech Companies Want You to Believe America Has a Skills Gap |work=Bloomberg |last=Rosenthal |first=Rachel |date=August 4, 2020 |access-date=October 8, 2021 }}</ref> In addition, the BLS Job Outlook for Computer Programmers, the [[U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]] (BLS) Occupational Outlook predicts a decline of -7 percent from 2016 to 2026, a further decline of -9 percent from 2019 to 2029, a decline of -10 percent from 2021 to 2031.<ref name="bls.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm|title=Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=17 January 2017|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503144645/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and then a decline of -11 percent from 2022 to 2032.<ref name="bls.gov" /> Since computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, companies sometimes hire programmers in countries where wages are lower.<ref name="bls.gov" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/publication.htm#regional-reports|title=Archive By Publication : Beyond the Numbers: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=www.bls.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.designnews.com/design-hardware-software/soon-be-extinct-embedded-software-engineer|title=The Soon-to-Be-Extinct Embedded Software Engineer|date=May 10, 2018|website=designnews.com}}</ref> Furthermore, the ratio of women in many software fields has also been declining over the years as compared to other engineering fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developers.hp.com/public/blog/hp-international-womens-week-women-computer-science-dropping-1980s|title=hp's Developer Portal &#124; HP International Women's Week: Women in Computer Science dropping since 1980s|website=developers.hp.com}}</ref> Then there is the additional concern that recent advances in [[Artificial Intelligence]] might impact the demand for future generations of Software Engineers.<ref> {{Cite web |date=2023-04-06 |title=Software engineer jobs in danger due to ChatGPT-like tools? Here's what Google CEO Sundar Pichai has to say |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/software-engineer-jobs-in-danger-due-to-chatgpt-like-tools-heres-what-google-ceo-sundar-pichai-has-to-say-376341-2023-04-06 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Business Today |language=en}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |last3= |first3= |date=2023-01-25 |title=ChatGPT could make these jobs obsolete |url=https://nypost.com/2023/01/25/chat-gpt-could-make-these-jobs-obsolete/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |language=en-US}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Kay |first=Grace |title=Software engineers are panicking about being replaced by AI |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/software-engineers-tech-panicking-golden-age-over-chatgpt-ai-blind-2023-4 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Gary |title=Council Post: How Will ChatGPT Affect Jobs? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinessdevelopmentcouncil/2023/03/16/how-will-chatgpt-affect-jobs/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Ito |first=Aki |title=ChatGPT spells the end of coding as we know it |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-ai-technology-end-of-coding-software-developers-jobs-2023-4 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Zinkula |first=Aaron Mok, Jacob |title=ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-jobs-at-risk-replacement-artificial-intelligence-ai-labor-trends-2023-02 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Mikaela |title=These are the tech jobs most threatened by ChatGPT and A.I. |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/15/these-are-the-tech-jobs-most-threatened-by-chatgpt-and-ai.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=CNBC |date=15 April 2023 |language=en}} </ref> However, this trend may change or slow in the future as many current software engineers in the U.S. market flee the profession or [[Age wave|age out]] of the market in the next few decades.<ref name="bls.gov" />