Editing Strategic voting (section)

=== Spain ===
In the 2016 General Election in Spain, the incentives for voting tactically were much larger than usual, following the rise of the Podemos and Ciudadanos and following the economic crisis and election in 2015.<ref>Stephenson, Laura B., et al., editors. ''The Many Faces of Strategic Voting: Tactical Behavior in Electoral Systems Around the World''. University of Michigan Press, {{JSTOR|j.ctvh4zhzr}}</ref> The strategic voters successfully influenced the outcome of the election, despite a record low turnout of 66.5%. In a natural experiment in Andalusia 9% voted strategically when having opportunity, strategic behavior did not increase with time, and did not affect surrounding electoral areas, under the assumption that strategic voting happens only for [[district magnitude]] above 5.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lago |first1=Ignacio |year=2012 |title=Strategic voting in proportional representation systems |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810389638 |journal=Party Politics |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=653–665 |doi=10.1177/1354068810389638 |s2cid=143798201 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10230/48115}}</ref>