Editing Teen idol (section)

== Impact and influence ==
{{See also|Vinyl revival}}
[[File:JaDean-cropped.jpg|left|thumb|upright|James Dean in ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'' (1955)]]
In the West, the Beatles, [[Bob Dylan]], and the Rolling Stones were extremely popular among the [[Baby boomers|Baby Boomers]] when they were growing up.<ref name="Owram1997xiv">{{Citation|last=Owram|first=Doug|title=Born at the Right Time|url=https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/|page=[https://archive.org/details/bornatrighttimeh0000owra/page/ xiv]|year=1997|location=Toronto|publisher=University Of Toronto Press|isbn=0-8020-8086-3}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|last=Suri|first=Jeremi|date=February 2009|title=The Rise and Fall of an International Counterculture, 1960-1975|journal=American Historical Review|volume=114|issue=1|pages=45–68|doi=10.1086/ahr.114.1.45|jstor=30223643|doi-access=free}}</ref> Parents, by contrast, saw their influence greatly diminished.<ref name=":29">{{Cite book|last=Hobsbawn|first=Eric|title=The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991|publisher=Abacus|year=1996|isbn=9780349106717|chapter=Chapter Eleven: Cultural Revolution}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, for instance, a combination of the [[R v Penguin Books Ltd|Lady Chatterley trial]] (1959) and the first long-play of the Beatles, ''[[Please Please Me]]'' (1963) triggered a change public perception of [[Human mating strategies|human mating]], a cause subsequently taken up by young people seeking sexual liberation.<ref name=":29" />{{Efn|See this [[R v Penguin Books Ltd#Legal and cultural consequences|1974 poem]] by the poet [[Philip Larkin]].}}

During the 1960s and 1970s, the music industry made a fortune selling rock records to people between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five. This era was home to many youthful stars—people like [[Brian Jones]] of the Rolling Stones or [[Jimi Hendrix]]—who had lifestyles that all but guaranteed early deaths.<ref name=":29" />{{Efn|Also see [[life-history theory]].}} The death of a (former) teen idol can have a serious impact on fans, leading to outbursts of emotions. This was certainly the case when people like Davy Jones or Michael Jackson died.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Goldberg|first=Stephanie|date=March 1, 2012|title=Why we grieve teen idols: A tribute to Davy Jones|work=CNN|department=Entertainment|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/03/01/showbiz/davy-jones-teen-idol|access-date=May 20, 2021}}</ref> And if an artist who reached fame at a young age were to die prematurely, he or she could spark conversations about the cost of fame.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Laura |date=October 28, 2024 |title=Should there be a ban on teenage popstars? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241025-should-there-be-a-ban-on-teenage-popstars |access-date=October 28, 2024 |work=BBC News}}</ref> This has been a recurring theme following the deaths of [[Amy Winehouse]] (at age 27), [[Avicii]] (at 28), or [[Liam Payne]] (aged 31). These stars lacked a stable home environment, had an extremely busy and stressful schedule, were exposed to an adult environment as a teenager, face frequent and intense public scrutiny, and were prone to [[alcoholism]] or [[substance abuse]].<ref name=":13" /> Their deaths also fuel the myth that such endings are common among talented musicians, an idea that could be traced back to the antique world. In the fourth century B.C., Greek playwright [[Menander]] claimed, "Whom the Gods love die young." But the myth that they die at the age of 27 is a modern phenomenon.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Nuwer |first=Rachel |date=November 4, 2024 |title=The Myth that Musicians Die at 27 Shows How Superstitions Are Made |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-myth-that-musicians-die-at-27-shows-how-superstitions-are-made/ |journal=Scientific American}}</ref> Statistical analysis has debunked this myth; there is no peak risk of dying at around age 27 for famous individuals, even if those who die at this specific age may garner more attention.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Wolkewitz |first=Martin |last2=Allignol |first2=Arthur |last3=Graves |first3=Nicholas |last4=Barnett |first4=Adrian G. |date=November 11, 2011 |title=Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d7799 |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=343 |issue=d7799 |doi=10.1136/bmj.d7799|pmc=3243755 }}</ref> However, famous young artists face an elevated risk of dying in their 20s and 30s relative to the general population. In the United Kingdom, the risk is two to three times higher.<ref name=":16" /> 

But even as their fans age, the audience of idols does not necessarily shrink, as the fans who became parents can introduce their children to their music. People tend to be nostalgic about music from their youth.<ref name=":5" /> In the twenty-first century, (former) teen idols can continue to be highly successful years after they made their debut as can be seen from the number of streams, digital downloads, CDs, cassettes, and vinyl records shipped.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sisario|first=Ben|date=October 11, 2021|title=Taylor Swift Returns to No. 1 With Autographed 'Fearless' CDs|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/arts/music/taylor-swift-fearless-billboard.html|access-date=October 26, 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211011183652/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/arts/music/taylor-swift-fearless-billboard.html|archive-date=October 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Okon|first=Wongo|date=October 10, 2021|title=Taylor Swift's Re-Recorded Version Of 'Fearless' Returns To No. 1 On The 'Billboard' Albums Chart|work=UProxx|url=https://uproxx.com/pop/taylor-swift-re-recorded-version-fearless-returns-no-1/|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> To-date, the Beatles remain one of the [[List of best-selling music artists|best-selling bands of all times]].<ref name="bbc41012">{{cite web |last=Hotten |first=Russell |date=4 October 2012 |title=The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-19800654 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923142215/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-19800654 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=20 August 2020 |work=BBC Business}}</ref><ref name="insider">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Travis |date=10 March 2020 |title=The 50 best-selling music artists of all time |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/best-selling-music-artists-of-all-time-2016-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830191133/https://www.businessinsider.com/best-selling-music-artists-of-all-time-2016-9 |archive-date=30 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |work=Business Insider}}</ref> Their success is unlikely to be replicated in the twenty-first century because trends have much shorter lifetimes and musical genres have splintered.<ref name=":8" />

The charm and charisma manifested by American actor James Dean onscreen proved strongly appealing to the audience,<ref name="Tanitch2014">{{cite book|author=Robert Tanitch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0U2_CAAAQBAJ&pg=PT21|title=The Unknown James Dean|date=October 30, 2014|publisher=Pavilion Books|isbn=978-1-84994-249-2|page=21}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and his persona of youthful rebellion provided a template for succeeding generations of youth to model themselves on.<ref name="Springer201317">{{cite book|author=Claudia Springer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8-ok0mQF-wC&pg=PA17|title=James Dean Transfigured: The Many Faces of Rebel Iconography|date=May 17, 2013|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-75288-7|page=17}}</ref><ref name="Robins2016">{{cite book|author=Wayne Robins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfvdCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40|title=A Brief History of Rock, Off the Record|date=March 31, 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-92345-7|page=40}}</ref> Various artists, including Leonardo DiCaprio,<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio On 'Once Upon A Time In Hollywood' And Looking For Positives In Disruption That Has Turned The Movie Business On Its Ear – The Deadline Q&A|url=https://deadline.com/2019/12/leonardo-dicaprio-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-career-future-interview-1202813571/|website=deadline.com|date=19 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Buddy Holly]],<ref name="Howlett2016">{{cite book|author=John Howlett|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKFsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT5|title=James Dean: Rebel Life|date=November 1, 2016|publisher=Plexus Publishing|isbn=978-0-85965-867-6|page=5}}</ref> and [[David Bowie]],<ref name="Spitz2010">{{cite book|author=Marc Spitz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40E4NTy26qYC&pg=PA25|title=Bowie: A Biography|date=October 2010|publisher=Crown/Archetype|isbn=978-0-307-71699-6|pages=25–26}}</ref> cited Dean as an influence. Musician Taylor Swift referenced him in "[[Style (Taylor Swift song)|Style]]" (2014).<ref name="Kornhaber">{{cite web|last=Kornhaber|first=Spencer|date=February 13, 2015|title=Reading Taylor Swift's Lips|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/02/taylor-swifts-style-video-read-her-lips/385483/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415045857/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/02/taylor-swifts-style-video-read-her-lips/385483/|archive-date=April 15, 2019|access-date=April 15, 2019|work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Meanwhile, wearing white T-shirts and jeans remains iconic among young people today.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:‘LG Q7 BTS 에디션’ 예약 판매 시작 (42773472410) (cropped).jpg|thumb|BTS (pictured 2018) were found to be a valuable music act for the South Korean economy.]]
The [[K-pop]] band [[Girls' Generation]] has generally been considered as a cultural icon of not just South Korea,<ref>{{cite news|last=Ho|first=Stewart|date=July 19, 2012|title=SNSD Becomes First Korean Celebrity on Official Stamps|publisher=CJ E&M|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/8950/snsd-becomes-first-korean-celebrity-on-official-stamps|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213012803/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/8950/snsd-becomes-first-korean-celebrity-on-official-stamps|archive-date=December 13, 2014}}</ref> but also a part of the [[Korean Wave]], the rising popularity of Korean culture on the international stage.<ref>{{cite web|last=M|first=Kristy|title=K-Pop Expands the Hallyu Wave|url=http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=11469|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003350/http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=%2FST%2Fdb%2Fread.php%3Fidx%3D11469|archive-date=March 4, 2016|work=The Seoul Times}}</ref><ref name="cnn">{{cite web|date=November 4, 2013|title=K-pop group Girls' Generation beats Miley, Lady Gaga at first YouTube awards|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/showbiz/youtube-awards-girls-generation/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722235045/http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/showbiz/youtube-awards-girls-generation|archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=April 30, 2015|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=October 2, 2010|title=Girls' Generation Make Cover of Nikkei Business|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/10/02/2010100200238.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105091501/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/10/02/2010100200238.html|archive-date=November 5, 2013|access-date=November 26, 2012|work=The Chosun Ilbo}}</ref> As of 2019, another K-pop band, [[BTS]], was reportedly worth more than US$4.65 billion, or 0.3 percent of the GDP of their home country.<ref name=":19">{{Cite news|date=June 9, 2019|script-title=ko:BTS가 창출한 80만 관광객…"5조 원 넘는 경제 효과"|language=ko|work=SBS News|url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1005301820|access-date=June 9, 2019}}</ref>  They attracted one in every 13 foreign visitors to South Korea and were cited as one of the key acts in boosting global music sales to US$19 billion in 2018.<ref name=":22">{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=December 18, 2018|title=The BTS billions: K-pop superstars 'worth more than US$3.6 billion a year' to South Korea's economy|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2178540/bts-billions-k-pop-superstars-worth-more-us36-billion-year-south|access-date=December 18, 2018|website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> Data from the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]]) shows that BTS became the best-selling artists of 2020 worldwide, ahead of Taylor Swift, Drake, the Weeknd, and Billie Eilish.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Savage|first=Mark|date=March 4, 2021|title=BTS named world's best-selling artists of 2020|work=BBC|department=Entertainment & Arts|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56283259|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref>

A 2023 report by the [[Federal Reserve]] estimated that Taylor Swift's [[The Eras Tour|Eras Tour]] was responsible for $4.6 billion of consumer spending in the United States alone; local economies were significantly boosted by her presence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shin |first=Rachel |date=July 14, 2023 |title=Taylor Swift is so important to the economy that she's in the latest Fed report |work=Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2023/07/14/taylor-swift-eras-tour-local-economy-boom-fed-report/ |access-date=August 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230715021052/https://fortune.com/2023/07/14/taylor-swift-eras-tour-local-economy-boom-fed-report/ |archive-date=July 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Kane |first=Caitlin |date=July 18, 2023 |title=The Federal Reserve says Taylor Swift's Eras Tour boosted the economy. One market research firm estimates she could add $5 billion |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/taylor-swift-eras-tour-boosted-economy-tourism-federal-reserve-how-much-money-made/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |work=CBS News}}</ref> Besides the Fed, various state and local authorities have credited Swift with increasing demand for their tourism and hospitality industries,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wile |first=Rob |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Federal Reserve credits Taylor Swift with boosting hotel revenues through her blockbuster Eras Tour |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/consumer/taylor-swift-federal-reserve-credits-eras-tour-boosting-hotels-tourism-rcna94046 |access-date=August 6, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Petrillo |first=Lisa |date=October 17, 2024 |title=Taylor Swift's Eras Tour to bring excitement, economic boost to South Florida |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/taylor-swifts-eras-tour-to-bring-excitement-economic-boost-to-south-florida/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |work=CBS News Miami}}</ref> despite the slow recovery following the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perez |first=Kate |date=July 14, 2023 |title=Taylor Swift is boosting the economy with her Eras Tour, Federal Reserve says |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2023/07/14/federal-reserve-taylor-swift-eras-tour-boosting-economy-hotels/70413533007/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241019182635/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2023/07/14/federal-reserve-taylor-swift-eras-tour-boosting-economy-hotels/70413533007/ |archive-date=October 19, 2024 |access-date=October 19, 2024 |work=USA Today}}</ref> During the early 2020s, a number of American universities offered courses pertaining to Taylor Swift, her music, and her cultural impact.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Attridge |first=Margaret |date=June 25, 2024 |title=You Can Study Taylor Swift at These Colleges |url=https://www.bestcolleges.com/news/these-colleges-have-taylor-swift-classes/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |work=Best Colleges}}</ref> Taylor Swift is also seen as a positive role model for young people on [[prosocial behavior]] and on dealing with [[Body image|body-image]] issues and unrealistic cultural expectations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hammond |first=Alison B. |last2=Johnson |first2=Sara K. |last3=Weiner |first3=Michelle B. |last4=Lerner |first4=Jacqueline V. |date=March 16, 2022 |title=From Taylor Swift to MLK: Understanding adolescents’ famous character role models |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03057240.2022.2041409 |journal=Journal of Moral Education |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=157-175 |doi=10.1080/03057240.2022.2041409|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pope |first=Lizzy |last2=Rose |first2=Kelsey L. |date=August 2024 |title=“It's All Just F*cking Impossible:” The influence of Taylor Swift on fans' body image, disordered eating, and rejection of diet culture |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953624005537?via%3Dihub |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=355 |issue=117100 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117100|doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{Clear}}