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Transboundary protected area
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===North America=== [[File:Peace arch Canada-US border.jpg|thumb|Flags of Canada and the United States fly on the Peace Arch in [[Peace Arch Park]].]] ====Canada and the United States==== * [[Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek|Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek]] is a [[World Heritage Site]] on the border of Canada and the United States. It is composed of [[Kluane National Park and Reserve]] in the [[Yukon|Yukon Territory]], [[Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve|Wrangell-St.Elias National Park]] and [[Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve|Glacier Bay National Park]] in [[Alaska]], and [[Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park]] in [[British Columbia]]. The site includes the world's largest non-polar ice field.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/72|title=Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> * [[Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park]] – [[Alaska]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[British Columbia]] and [[Yukon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/yt/chilkoot/activ/hiking-randonee|title=Hiking the Chilkoot Trail|website=Pc.gc.ca|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> * The [[Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park]] across the [[United States]]/[[Canada]] border was the first peace park in the Americas, formed by the merger of [[Waterton Lakes National Park|Waterton Lakes]] and [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier]] National Parks in 1932.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/354|title=Waterton Glacier International Peace Park|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> In contrast to other peace parks, the primary purpose of the union was to serve as a symbol of friendship and peace between the two countries.<ref name="Campobello">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fdr.net/about-the-park.php|title=New Brunswick Vacation {{!}} Maine Vacation {{!}} Roosevelt Campobello Island International Park|work=Campobello|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> * [[Roosevelt Campobello International Park]] – [[Maine, United States]]/[[New Brunswick, Canada]]<ref name="Campobello"/> *[[Peace Arch Park]], lies on the [[British Columbia]]/[[Washington (state)|Washington]] border, and is famous for the [[Peace Arch]], a large peace structure straddling the border itself. * The border of Canada and the United States has multiple additional transboundary conservation complexes, including complexes composed of: *# Canada's [[Ivvavik National Park]] and [[Vuntut National Park]], the [[Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation]], and the United States' [[Arctic National Wildlife Refuge]]; *# [[British Columbia]]'s [[Chilliwack Lake Provincial Park]], [[Skagit Valley Provincial Park]], and [[E. C. Manning Provincial Park|EC Manning Provincial Park]], and the United States' [[Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest|Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest]], [[North Cascades National Park]], and [[Ross Lake National Recreation Area]]; *# North Dakota's [[Lake Metigoshe State Park]], Manitoba's [[Turtle Mountain Provincial Park]], the United States' [[Rabb Lake National Wildlife Refuge]] and the [[International Peace Garden]]; and *# [[Ontario]]'s [[Sandpoint Island Provincial Park]] and [[Quetico Provincial Park]], the United States' [[Voyageurs National Park]] and [[Superior National Forest]], and [[Minnesota]]'s [[Kabetogama State Forest]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbpa.net/page.php?ndx=78|title=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|last=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|website=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|access-date=2018-02-01}}</ref> =====Canadian interprovincial Parks===== * [[Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park]] (Alberta–Saskatchewan)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tourismsaskatchewan.com/things-to-do/attractions/102523/cypress-hills-destination-area|title=Cypress Hills Destination Area|website=Tourism Saskatchewan|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref> * [[Kakwa-Willmore Interprovincial Park]] (Alberta–British Columbia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albertaparks.ca/parks/northwest/kakwa-wpp/park-research-management/kakwa-willmore-interprovincial-park/|title=Alberta Parks Kakwa WPP Kakwa-Willmore Interprovincial Park|website=Albertaparks.ca|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref> * [[Manitoba–Ontario Interprovincial Wilderness Area]]<ref>[http://www.parkreports.com/parksblog/?p=121/ Ontario Parks Web Log, ''A New Manitoba–Ontario Interprovincial Wilderness Area''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184748/http://www.parkreports.com/parksblog/?p=121%2F |date=2012-03-09 }} Accessed 11 May 2011</ref> * [[Parc linéaire interprovincial Petit Témis]] (Quebec–New Brunswick)<ref>[http://www.bonjourquebec.com/qc-en/attractions-directory/trail/parc-lineaire-interprovincial-petit-temis_8502936.html/ Quebec Official Tourism Site, ''Parc linéaire interprovincial Petit Témis''] Accessed 11 May 2011</ref> =====United States interstate parks===== * [[Interstate Park]] (Minnesota–Wisconsin)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/interstate/narrative.html|title=Park Info: Interstate State Park: Minnesota DNR|website=Dnr.state.mn.us|access-date=2018-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141627/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/interstate/narrative.html|archive-date=2018-01-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Palisades Interstate Park]] (New York–New Jersey)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.njpalisades.org/pipc.html|title=Palisades Interstate Park Commission {{!}} Palisades Interstate Park in New Jersey|website=Njpalisades.org|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> * [[Breaks Interstate Park]] (Kentucky–Virginia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.breakspark.com/park-information-hours/park-maps-and-trail-info/|title=Park Maps and Trail Info {{!}} Breaks Park|website=Breakspark.com|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> ==== Mexico and the United States ==== *[[Dry Borders-Sonoran Desert Biosphere Reserve Network]] is a transboundary conservation complex composed of Mexico's El Picante y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve and the United States' [[Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument]].<ref name=tbpa2007 /> *[[El Carmen-Big Bend Complex]] is a transboundary conservation complex composed of Mexico's Parque Nacional Canon de Santa Elena and Area Natural Protegida Maderas del Carmen, the United States' [[Big Bend National Park]], and Texas' [[Big Bend Ranch State Park]].<ref name=tbpa2007 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/opinion/trump-wall-big-bend-park.html|title=Opinion - Forget Trump's Border Wall. Let's Build F.D.R.'s International Park.|first=Dan W.|last=Reicher|date=14 March 2019|access-date=14 March 2019|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ==== Latin America ==== *[[Maya Tropical Forest Complex]] is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Belize, Guatemala and Mexico. It is partly composed of Guatemala's [[Sierra del Lacandón|Sierra Del Lacandon National Park]], [[Laguna del Tigre|Laguna del Tigre National Park]], [[El Mirador]] and [[Maya Biosphere Reserve]], Mexico's [[Calakmul Biosphere Reserve]], and Belize's [[Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area]].<ref name=tbpa2007 /> *[[Montecristo Trifinio Transboundary Protected Area Complex]] (also known as Trifinio Fraternidad) is a transboundary UNESCO biosphere reserve on the border of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. It is composed of El Salvador's [[Montecristo National Park]], Guatemala's [[Trifinio Biosphere Reserve]], and Honduras' [[Montecristo Trifinio National Park]].<ref name=tbpa2007 /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/Unit/oea29s/oea29s.pdf|title=Plan Trifinio - El Salvador - Guatemala - Honduras|website=Oas.org}}</ref> * [[La Amistad International Park|Parque Internacional La Amistad]] is a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the border of [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]. A bi-national Transboundary Protected Area Commission coordinates conservation efforts in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/205|title=Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-02-01}}</ref> * San Juan River Basin is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. It is composed of Costa Rica's [[Tortuguero National Park]] and [[Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge]], and Nicaragua's Reserva Biologica Indio Maiz and Reserva Natural Punta Gorda.<ref name=tbpa2007 /> * [[Volcán Tacaná Biosphere Reserve|Volcan Tacana]] is a transboundary [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|UNESCO biosphere reserve]] on the border of Guatemala and Mexico.<ref name=tbpa2007 /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/mexico/volcan-tacana/|title=Volcán Tacaná {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=Unesco.org|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> * A transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex lies on the border of Costa Rica and Panama, and is composed of the [[Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge]] site in Costa Rica and the [[San San-Pond Sak]] site in Panama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/783|title=Gandoca-Manzanillo {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/611|title=San San - Pond Sak {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref> The Global Transboundary Conservation Network includes this site as part of Parque International La Amsted in its 2007 global inventory.<ref name=tbpa2007 /> * A transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex lies on the on border of Belize and Guatemala, and is composed of Belize's Reserva de Usos Multiples Rio Sarstun and Guatemala's [[Sarstoon-Temash National Park|Sarstoon Temash National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1667|title=Reserva de Usos Múltiples Río Sarstún {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1562|title=Sarstoon Temash National Park {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref> * The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists additional TBPAs on the borders of: *# Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico; *# Guatemala and Honduras; and *# Honduras and Nicaragua at two locations.<ref name=tbpa2007 /> [[File:Iguacu-002.jpg|thumb|[[Iguazu Falls]]--National Parks in Argentina and Brazil form a TBPA.]] *[[Cordillera del Cóndor|Cordillera del Condor]] is a transboundary protected area on the border of [[Ecuador]] and [[Peru]]. It is composed of Ecuador's [[Parque Nacional Podocarpus]] and Peru's Zona Reservada Santiago-Comaina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbpa.net/page.php?ndx=59|title=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|last=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|website=Global Transboundary Protected Areas Network|access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref> The countries agreed to create the protected area as part of a settlement to a border conflict in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uvm.edu/ieds/node/154|title=Cordillera del Condor - Negotiating a Peace Park {{!}} Institute For Environmental Diplomacy And Security (IEDS)|website=Uvm.edu|access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref> *[[Glaciares-Torres del Paine-O'Higgins Complex]] is a transboundary conservation complex on the border of [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]]. It is composed of Chile's [[O'Higgins National Park]] and [[Torres del Paine National Park]] and Argentina's [[Los Glaciares National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/85/|title=Torres del Paine and Bernardo O'Higgins National Parks, Region of Magallanes - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/145|title=Los Glaciares National Park|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-01-31}}</ref> *[[Iguazu Falls|Iguacu-Iguazu]] is a transboundary World Heritage complex on the border of Argentina and Brazil. It is composed of Argentina's [[Iguazú National Park|Iguazu National Park]] and Brazil's [[Iguaçu National Park]].<ref name=tbpa2007 /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/355|title=Iguaçu National Park|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/303|title=Iguazu National Park|last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|website=Whc.unesco.org|access-date=2018-02-21}}</ref> * [[Lake Titicaca|Lago Titicaca]] is a transboundary Ramsar wetlands complex on the border of Bolivia and Peru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/881|title=Lago Titicaca {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/959|title=Lago Titicaca {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|website=Rsis.ramsar.org|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref> * The Global Transboundary Conservation Network's 2007 inventory lists additional TBPAs on the borders of: *# Colombia and Venezuela; *# Brazil and Colombia; *# Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; *# Brazil and Venezuela; *# French Guiana and Suriname; *# Brazil and Suriname; *# Brazil and Peru; *# Bolivia and Brazil; *# Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay; *# Argentina and Brazil; *# Bolivia and Chile; *# Argentina, Bolivia and Chile; *# Argentina and Bolivia at two locations; *# Bolivia and Paraguay; and *# Argentina and Chile at four locations.<ref name=tbpa2007 /> [[File:Reserva de la biosfera intercontinental del Mediterráneo.svg|thumb|[[Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean]] includes land in Morocco and Spain (light green), and part of the Strait of Gibraltar (dark blue).]]
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