Editing Transport in Italy (section)

====Motorways====
{{main|Autostrade of Italy}}
[[File:Autostrada del Sole - Italy - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A1 (Italy)|Autostrada A1]] runs through [[Italy]] linking some of the [[List of cities in Italy|largest cities of the country]]: [[Milan]], [[Bologna]], [[Florence]], [[Rome]] and [[Naples]].]]
[[File:Autostrada A20 Torregrotta.jpg|thumb|[[Autostrada A20 (Italy)|Autostrada A20]] runs through the island of [[Sicily]] linking [[Palermo]] to [[Messina]].]]

Italy was the first country in the world to build [[motorway]]s, the so-called ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name=independent/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]], was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>

Other motorways (or ''autostrade'') built before [[World War II]] in [[Italy]] were [[Naples]]-[[Pompeii]], [[Florence]]-[[Pisa]], [[Padua]]-[[Venice]], [[Milan]]-[[Turin]], Milan-[[Bergamo]]-[[Brescia]] and [[Rome]]-[[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]]. The total length of the [[Autostrade of Italy|Italian motorway system]] is about {{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}}, as of 30 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aggiornamenti sull'evoluzione del regolamento europeo (AFIR) per la modifica della direttiva europea in materia di combustibili alternativi (DAFI) |trans-title=Updates on the evolution of the European regulation (AFIR) for the amendment of the European directive on alternative fuels (DAFI) |publisher=AISCAT |language=it |url=https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728051041/https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for {{convert|355|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LE AUTOSTRADE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.stradeanas.it/it/le-strade/la-rete-anas/le-autostrade |title=LE AUTOSTRADE |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114204559/https://www.stradeanas.it/it/le-strade/la-rete-anas/le-autostrade |url-status=live }}</ref> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2}} of Italian territory.<ref name="Le strade dell'informazione">{{cite web|url=http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804095215/http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Le strade dell'informazione|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>

Italy was the first country in the world to build [[motorway]]s, the so-called ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<ref name="independent"/><ref name="motorwebmuseum"/> The ''[[Autostrada dei Laghi]]''  ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting [[Milan]] to [[Lake Como]] and [[Lake Maggiore]], and now parts of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|Autostrada A8]] and the [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|Autostrada A9]], was devised by [[Piero Puricelli]] and was inaugurated in 1924.<ref name="motorwebmuseum"/>

Other motorways (or ''autostrade'') built before [[World War II]] in [[Italy]] were [[Naples]]-[[Pompeii]], [[Florence]]-[[Pisa]], [[Padua]]-[[Venice]], [[Milan]]-[[Turin]], Milan-[[Bergamo]]-[[Brescia]] and [[Rome]]-[[Ostia (quarter of Rome)|Ostia]]. The total length of the [[Autostrade of Italy|Italian motorway system]] is about {{convert|7016|km|abbr=on}}, as of 30 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aggiornamenti sull'evoluzione del regolamento europeo (AFIR) per la modifica della direttiva europea in materia di combustibili alternativi (DAFI) |trans-title=Updates on the evolution of the European regulation (AFIR) for the amendment of the European directive on alternative fuels (DAFI) |publisher=AISCAT |language=it |url=https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728051041/https://www.aiscat.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AISCAT-1_2_2022-Edizione-Trimestrale.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> To these data are added 13 motorway [[spur route]]s, which extend for {{convert|355|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="LE AUTOSTRADE"/> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2}} of Italian territory.<ref name="Le strade dell'informazione"/>

In particular, {{convert|1870.2|km|abbr=on}} of the Italian motorway network have three lanes per carriageway, {{convert|129|km|abbr=on}} km have four lanes per carriageway, {{convert|1.8|km|abbr=on}} have five lanes per carriageway, while the remaining part is two lanes per carriageway.<ref name="aiscat2">{{Cite web |url=http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |title=L'EVOLUZIONE DEL PEDAGGIO E DEI MECCANISMI DI ESAZIONE |access-date=23 October 2018 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023161908/http://aiscat.it/pubblicazioni/downloads/trim_3-4_2017.pdf |language=it}}</ref> The density is {{convert|22.4|km|abbr=on}} of motorway for every {{convert|1000|km2|abbr=on}} of Italian territory.<ref name="estradedellinformazione">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804095215/http://www.lestradedellinformazione.it/acm-on-line/Home/PrimoPiano/articolo4795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Le strade dell'informazione|access-date=5 March 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Italian motorways (or ''autostrade'') are mostly managed by concessionaire companies. From 1 October 2012 the granting body is the [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport]] and no longer [[Anas (company)|Anas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/convenzioni_societa|title=nas S.p.A. - Le società concessionarie|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100935/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/convenzioni_societa|url-status=live}}</ref> and the majority ({{convert|5773.4|km|abbr=on}} in 2009<ref name=luz>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/1617|title=Ispettorato Vigilanza Concessioni Autostradali - Attività ed obiettivi|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062414/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/news/download/file/1617|url-status=live}}</ref>) are subject to [[Toll (fee)|toll]] payments. On Italian motorways, the [[Toll (fee)|toll]] applies to almost all motorways not managed by [[Anas (company)|Anas]]. The collection of motorway tolls, from a tariff point of view, is managed mainly in two ways: either through the "closed motorway system" (km travelled) or through the "open motorway system" (flat-rate toll).<ref name="autostrade.it">[http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1 Come si calcola il pedaggio - Autostrade per l'Italia S.p.A] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406014722/http://www.autostrade.it/il-pedaggio/come-si-calcola.html?initPosAra=4_1 |date=6 April 2010 }}</ref>

Italy's motorways (or ''autostrade'') have a standard speed limit of {{cvt|130|km/h|mph|round=5}} for cars. Limits for other vehicles (or when visibility is poor due to weather) are lower. Legal provisions allow operators to set the limit to {{cvt|150|km/h|mph|round=5}} on their concessions on a voluntary basis if there are three lanes in each direction and a working [[SPECS (speed camera)|SICVE]], or Safety Tutor, which is a speed-camera system that measures the average speed over a given distance.