Editing Tree line (section)

===Antarctic tree lines===
Trees exist on [[Tierra del Fuego]] (55°S) at the southern end of South America, but generally not on [[List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands|subantarctic islands]] and not in Antarctica. Therefore, there is no explicit Antarctic tree line.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[Kerguelen Island]] (49°S), [[South Georgia Island|South Georgia]] (54°S), and other subantarctic islands are all so heavily wind-exposed and with a too-cold summer climate (tundra) that none have any indigenous tree species. The [[Wildlife of the Falkland Islands|Falkland Islands]] (51°S) summer temperature is near the limit, but the islands are also treeless, although some planted trees exist.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[Antarctic Peninsula]] is the northernmost point in Antarctica (63°S) and has the mildest weather—it is located {{convert|1080|km|mi}} from [[Cape Horn]] on [[Tierra del Fuego]]—yet no trees survive there; only a few mosses, lichens, and species of grass do so. In addition, no trees survive on any of the subantarctic islands near the peninsula.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[File:BeagleChannelGlacier.jpg|thumb|Trees growing along the north shore of the [[Beagle Channel]], 55°S.]]
Southern [[Metrosideros|Rata]] forests exist on [[Enderby Island]] and [[Auckland Islands]] (both 50°S) and these grow up to an elevation of {{convert|1200|ft|m|order=flip}} in sheltered valleys. These trees seldom grow above {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height and they get smaller as one gains altitude, so that by {{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} they are waist-high. These islands have only between 600 and 800 hours of sun annually. [[Campbell Island, New Zealand|Campbell Island]] (52°S) further south is treeless, except for one stunted Spruce, probably planted in 1907.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morwood |first=Maddy |date=4 Sep 2022 |title=How the world's loneliest tree is helping scientists advance climate change research |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-05/the-worlds-loneliest-tree-advance-climate-change-research/101247300 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Company}}</ref> The climate on these islands is not severe, but tree growth is limited by almost continual rain and wind. Summers are very cold with an average January temperature of {{convert|9|C|F|abbr=on}}. Winters are mild {{convert|5|C|F|abbr=on}} but wet. [[Macquarie Island]] (Australia) is located at 54°S and has no vegetation beyond snow grass and alpine grasses and mosses.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}