Editing United Nations (section)

== Membership ==
{{Main|Member states of the United Nations|Expulsion from the United Nations}}
[[File:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|thumb|upright=1.35|
{{legend|#009edb|193 [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]]}}
{{legend|#9edb00|2 [[United Nations General Assembly observers|UN Observer States]] (Palestine, Holy See)}}
{{legend|#db9e00|2 eligible Non-Member States (Niue, Cook Islands)}}
{{legend|#c0c0c0|17 [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|non-self-governing territories]]}}
{{legend|#f0f0f0|Antarctica}}
]]
All the world's [[List of states with limited recognition|undisputed]] [[List of sovereign states|independent states]] are members of the United Nations.<ref name="UN_SouthSudan_193rd_state">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39034&Cr=South+Sudan&Cr1= |title=UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State |publisher=UN News Centre |date=28 June 2006 |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803100613/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39034&Cr=South+Sudan&Cr1= |archive-date=3 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[South Sudan]], which joined 14 July 2011, is the most recent addition, bringing a total of {{UNnum}} UN member states.<ref name="members">
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.un.org/en/member-states/
 |title=United Nations Member States
 |publisher=United Nations
 |access-date=2 November 2017
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043250/http://www.un.org/en/member-states/
 |archive-date=28 October 2017
|url-status=live
}}
</ref> The UN Charter outlines the membership rules:

{{blockquote|
# Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states that accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
# The admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Chapter II, Article 4.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-ii/index.html |title=Charter of the United Nations: Chapter II |publisher=United Nations |access-date=2 November 2017 |date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028091653/http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-ii/index.html |archive-date=28 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}

[[File:Presiden_Sukarno.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Under the leadership of [[Sukarno]], Indonesia was [[Indonesia and the United Nations#Withdrawal in 1965|the first and only country that attempted]] to leave the United Nations.]]
In addition, there are two [[United Nations General Assembly observers|non-member observer states]]: the [[Holy See]] and [[Palestine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/non-member-states/index.html |title=Non-member States |publisher=United Nations |access-date=2 November 2017 |date=7 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025014415/http://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/non-member-states/index.html |archive-date=25 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|The Holy See is a [[sovereignty|sovereign entity]] with [[state (polity)|statehood]] over the territory of the [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]]. For details, see [[Holy See and the United Nations]].}} The [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]], both [[associated state|states in free association]] with [[New Zealand]], are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat.<ref name=art102>{{cite web |url=http://legal.un.org/repertory/ |title=Repertory of Practice |publisher=United Nations |access-date=2 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025000346/http://legal.un.org/repertory/ |archive-date=25 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Indonesia]] was the first and the only nation that attempted to withdraw its membership from the United Nations, in protest to the election of Malaysia as a non-permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] in 1965 during [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation|conflict between the two countries]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/143883-united-nations-withdrawal-philippines-duterte|title=What happened when Indonesia 'withdrew' from the United Nations|author=Gutierrez, Natashya|work=[[Rappler]]|date=22 August 2016|access-date=8 September 2018|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161101151415/https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/143883-united-nations-withdrawal-philippines-duterte |archive-date=1 November 2016}}</ref> After forming [[CONEFO]] as a short-lived rival to the UN, Indonesia resumed its membership in 1966.

=== Group of 77 ===
{{main|Group of 77}}
The Group of 77 (or the G77) at the UN is a loose coalition of [[developing nations]] that is designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the UN. Seventy-seven nations founded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.g77.org/doc/members.html |title=The Member States of the Group of 77 |publisher=Group of 77 |access-date=7 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606205309/http://www.g77.org/doc/members.html |archive-date=6 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group was founded 15 June 1964 by the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (or the UNCTAD). The group held its first major meeting in [[Algiers]] in 1967, where it adopted the Charter of Algiers and established the basis for permanent institutional structures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.g77.org/doc/ |title=About the G77 |publisher=Group of 77 |access-date=5 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112144515/http://www.g77.org/doc/ |archive-date=12 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> With the adoption of the [[New International Economic Order]] by developing countries in the 1970s, the work of the G77 spread throughout the UN system.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=A Moment of Possibility: The Rise and Fall of the New International Economic Order |url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/123094 |date=2019 |degree=Thesis |language=en |first=Samuel Thomas |last=Nicholls |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213060026/https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/123094 |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar groupings of developing states also operate in other UN agencies, such as the [[Group of 24]] (or the G-24), which operates in the IMF on monetary affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Group of 24 (G-24): Meaning, Benefits, Criticisms |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/g-24.asp |access-date=13 December 2023 |website=Investopedia |language=en |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213060025/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/g-24.asp |url-status=live }}</ref>