Editing Valencian language (section)

=== Valencian dialects ===
[[File:Subdialectes del valencià.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Dialects of Valencian]]
* '''''Northern area''''': 
** '''Transitional Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià de transició}}) or '''Tortosan''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|tortosí}}), also ambiguously termed '''Northern Valencian''': spoken only in the northernmost areas of the province of [[Province of Castellón|Castellon]] in towns like [[Benicarló]] or [[Vinaròs]], the area of [[Matarranya]] in Aragon (province of [[Teruel (province)|Teruel]]), and a southern border area of [[Catalonia]] surrounding [[Tortosa]], in the province of [[Tarragona (province)|Tarragona]].
*** Word-initial and postconsonantal {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} (Catalan {{IPA|/ʒ/}} and {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/~/ʒ/}}) alternates with {{IPA|[(j)ʒ]}} intervocalically; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|joc}} {{IPA|[ˈd͡ʒɔk]}} ('game'), but {{lang|ca-valencia|pitjor}} {{IPA|[piˈʒo]}} ('worse'), {{lang|ca-valencia|boja}} {{IPA|[ˈbɔjʒa]}} ('crazy') (Standard Valencian {{IPA|/ˈd͡ʒɔk/}}, {{IPA|/piˈd͡ʒoɾ/}}; {{IPA|/ˈbɔd͡ʒa/}}; Standard Catalan {{IPA|/ˈʒɔk/}}, {{IPA|/piˈd͡ʒo/}} and {{IPA|/ˈbɔʒə/}}).
*** Final {{angle bracket|r}} {{IPAblink|ɾ}} is not pronounced in infinitives; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|cantar}} {{IPA|[kanˈta]}} (Standard {{IPA|/kanˈtaɾ/}}) ('to sing').
*** Archaic [[article (grammar)|articles]] {{lang|ca-valencia|lo}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|los}} ('the') are used instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|el}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|els}}; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|lo xic}} ('the boy'), {{lang|ca-valencia|los hòmens}} ('the men').
** '''Northern Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià septentrional}}) or '''Castellon's Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià castellonenc}}): spoken in an area surrounding the city of [[Castellón de la Plana]].
*** Use of {{IPA|[e]}} sound instead of standard {{angle bracket|a}} {{IPA|/a/}} in the third person singular of most verbs; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|(ell) cantava}} {{IPA|[kanˈtave]}} (Standard {{IPA|/kanˈtava/}}) 'he sang'. Thus, Northern Valencian dialects contrast forms like {{lang|ca-valencia|(jo) cantava}} {{IPA|[kanˈtava]}} ('I sang') with {{lang|ca-valencia|(ell) cantava}} {{IPA|[kanˈtave]}} ('he sang'), but merges {{lang|ca-valencia|(jo) cante}} {{IPA|[ˈkante]}} ('I sing') with {{lang|ca-valencia|(ell) canta}} {{IPA|[ˈkante]}} ('he sings').
*** Palatalisation of  {{angle bracket|ts}} {{IPA|/t͡s/}} > {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} and {{angle bracket|tz}} {{IPA|/d͡z/}} > {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}} or {{IPA|[dd͡ʒ]}}; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|pots}} {{IPA|/ˈpot͡s/}} > {{IPA|[ˈpot͡ʃ]}} ('cans, jars, you can'), {{lang|ca-valencia|dotze}} {{IPA|/ˈdod͡ze/}} > {{IPA|[ˈdodd͡ʒe]}} ('twelve'). Thus, this dialect may merge {{lang|ca-valencia|passeig}} ('walk') and {{lang|ca-valencia|passets}} ('little steps').
*** Depalatalization of {{IPA|/jʃ/}} to {{IPA|[jsʲ]}} by some speakers; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|caixa}} {{IPA|/ˈkajʃa/ > [ˈkajsʲa]}} ('box').
* '''''Central area''''':
** '''Central Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià central}}), or {{lang|ca-valencia|'''Apitxat'''}}, spoken in [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] city and its area, but not used as standard by the Valencian media.
*** Sibilant merger: all voiced sibilants are devoiced ({{IPA|/d͡ʒ/ > [t͡ʃ]}}, {{IPA|/d͡z/ > [t͡s]}}, {{IPA|/z/ > [s]}}); that is, {{lang|ca-valencia|apitxat}} pronounces {{lang|ca-valencia|casa}} {{IPA|[ˈkasa]}} ('house') and {{lang|ca-valencia|joc}} {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃɔk]}} ('game'), where other Valencians would pronounce {{IPA|/ˈkaza/}} and {{IPA|/ˈd͡ʒɔk/}} (feature shared with [[Ribagorçan]]).
*** [[Betacism]], that is the merge of {{IPA|/v/}} into {{IPA|/b/}}; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|viu}} {{IPA|[ˈbiw]}} (instead of {{IPA|/ˈviw/}}) ('he lives').
*** Fortition (gemination) and vocalisation of final consonants; {{lang|ca-valencia|nit}} {{IPA|[ˈnitː(ə)]}} (instead of {{IPA|/ˈnit/}}) ('night').
*** It preserves the strong simple past, which has been substituted by an analytic past (periphrastic past) with {{smallcaps|vadere}} + [[infinitive]] in the rest of modern Catalan and Valencian variants. For example, ''aní'' instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|vaig anar}} ('I went').
* '''''Southern area''''':
** '''Southern Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià meridional}}) or '''Upper Southern Valencian''': spoken in the contiguous {{lang|ca-valencia|[[comarques of the Valencian Community|comarques]]}} located in the southernmost part of the Valencia province and the northernmost part in the province of Alicante. This dialect is considered as Standard Valencian.
*** [[Vowel harmony]]: the final syllable of a disyllabic word adopts a preceding open {{angle bracket|e}} ({{IPA|/ɛ/}}) and/or {{angle bracket|o}} ({{IPA|/ɔ/}}) if the final vowel is an unstressed  -{{angle bracket|a}}; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|terra}} {{IPA|[ˈtɛrɛ]}} ('Earth, land'), {{lang|ca-valencia|dona}} {{IPA|[ˈdɔnɔ]}} ('woman'). Further merges (such as {{IPA|[ˈtɛrɔ]}} and {{IPA|[ˈdɔnɛ]}}) depends on the town and speaker.
*** This dialect retain geminate consonants ({{angle bracket|tl}} {{IPA|/lː/}} and {{angle bracket|tn}} {{IPA|/nː/}}); e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|guatla}} {{IPA|[ˈɡwalːa]}} ('quail'), {{lang|ca-valencia|cotna}} {{IPA|[ˈkonːa]}} ('rind').
*** Weak pronouns are "reinforced" in front of the verb ({{lang|ca-valencia|em}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|en}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|et}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|es}}, etc.) contrary to other dialects which maintains "full form" ({{lang|ca-valencia|me}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|ne}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|te}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|se}}, etc.).
** '''Alicante's Valencian''' ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià alacantí}}) or '''Lower Southern Valencian''': spoken in the southern half of the province of [[Alicante (province)|Alicante]], and the area of Carche in Murcia.
*** [[Vowel harmony]] like in the central Southern areas.
*** Intervocalic {{IPA|/d/}} elision in most instances; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|roda}} {{IPA|[ˈrɔa]}} ('wheel'), {{lang|ca-valencia|nadal}} {{IPA|[naˈal]}} ('Christmas').
*** Yod is not pronounced in {{angle bracket|ix}} {{IPA|/jʃ/ > [ʃ]}}; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|caixa}} {{IPA|[ˈkaʃa]}} ('box').
*** Final {{angle bracket|r}} is not pronounced in infinitives in some areas and/or contexts; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|cantar}} {{IPA|[kanˈta]}} ('to sing').
*** There are some archaisms like: {{lang|ca-valencia|ans}} instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|abans}} ('before'), {{lang|ca-valencia|manco}} instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|menys}} ('less'), {{lang|ca-valencia|dintre}} instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|dins}} ('into') or {{lang|ca-valencia|devers}} instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|cap a}} ('towards').
*** There are more interferences with Spanish than other dialects: {{lang|ca-valencia|assul}} (from {{lang|es|azul}}) instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|blau}} (or {{lang|ca-valencia|atzur}}) ('azure'), {{lang|ca-valencia|llimpiar}} (from {{lang|es|limpiar}}) instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|netejar}} ('to clean') or {{lang|ca-valencia|sacar}} (from {{lang|es|sacar}}) instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|traure}} ('take out').