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==References== ===Citations=== {{reflist|20em}} ===Sources=== ====Books==== {{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}} * {{cite book |last1=Borstelmann |first1=Thomas |author1-link=Thomas Borstelmann |editor1-last=Leffler |editor1-first=Melvyn P. |editor2-last=Painter |editor2-first=David S. |title=Origins of the Cold War: An International History |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-415-34109-4 |pages=317β332 |edition=Second |chapter=The United States, the Cold War, and the color line |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bue45MG0cMgC}} * {{cite book |last1=Gaddis |first1=John Lewis |author1-link=John Lewis Gaddis |title=We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-878071-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Gaddis |first1=John Lewis |title=Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War |date=2005a |orig-year=1982 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-517447-2 |edition=Revised and Expanded |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVsSDAAAQBAJ}} * {{cite book |last1=Gaddis |first1=John Lewis |title=The Cold War: A New History |date=2005b |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-14-303827-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/coldwarnewhistor00gadd |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Gaddis |first1=John Lewis |title=George F. Kennan: An American Life |date=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-14-312215-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgefkennaname0000gadd_l5o4 |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Halle |first1=Louis |title=The Cold War as History |date=1967 |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Row}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Jensen |editor1-first=Kenneth M. |title=Origins of the Cold War: The Novikov, Kennan, and Roberts "Long Telegrams" of 1946 |date=1993 |publisher=United States Institute of Peace Press |location=Washington |isbn=1-878379-27-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofcoldwar00jens |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Kennan |first1=George F. |author1-link=George Kennan |title=Memoirs: 1925β1950 |date=1983 |orig-year=1967 |publisher=Pantheon |location=New York}} * {{cite book |last1=Kennan |first1=George F. |title=American Diplomacy |date=2012 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-43148-2 |pages=113β134 |edition=60th-Anniversary Expanded |chapter=The Sources of Soviet Conduct |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6xOd-CO7zQC}} * {{cite book |last1=Kissinger |first1=Henry A. |author1-link=Henry Kissinger |title=White House Years |date=1979 |publisher=Little, Brown |location=Boston |isbn=0-316-49661-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/whitehouseyear00kiss |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Leffler |first1=Melvyn P. |author1-link=Melvyn P. Leffler |editor1-last=Leffler |editor1-first=Melvyn P. |editor2-last=Painter |editor2-first=David S. |title=Origins of the Cold War: An International History |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-415-34109-4 |pages=15β41 |edition=Second |chapter=National security and US foreign policy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bue45MG0cMgC}} *{{cite book |last1=Leffler |first1=Melvyn P. |title=For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War |date=2007 |publisher=Hill and Wang |location=New York |isbn=978-0-374-53142-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KW0u816iR5wC}} * {{cite book |last1=Lippmann |first1=Walter |author1-link=Walter Lippmann |title=The Cold War: A Study in U.S. Foreign Policy |date=1947 |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Row |isbn=9780061317231 |url=https://archive.org/details/coldwarstudyin00lipp |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Miscamble |first1=Wilson D. |title=George F. Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, 1947β1950 |year=1993 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=978-0-691-02483-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxFHpYix3BsC}} * {{cite book |last1=Schmitz |first1=David F. |author1-link=David F. Schmitz |editor1-last=Chambers |editor1-first=John Whiteclay |editor2-last=Anderson |editor2-first=Fred |editor3-last=Eden |editor3-first=Lynn |editor4-last=Glatthaar |editor4-first=Joseph T. |editor5-last=Spector |editor5-first=Ronald H. |title=The Oxford Companion to American Military History |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-507198-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rzy_yNMKbcC |chapter=Cold War (1945β91): Causes}} {{refend}} ====Journal and newspaper articles==== {{refbegin|indent=yes|35em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Gati |first1=Charles |title=What Containment Meant |journal=Foreign Policy |date=1972 |issue=7 |pages=22β40 |doi=10.2307/1147751 |jstor=1147751 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1147751 |issn=0015-7228|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Kennan |first1=George F. |title=Commentary |journal=[[Diplomatic History (journal)|Diplomatic History]] |date=1991 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=539β543 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1991.tb00147.x |jstor=24912135 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24912135 |issn=0145-2096|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite news |last1=Krock |first1=Arthur |author1-link=Arthur Krock |title=A Guide to Official Thinking About Russia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/07/08/archives/a-guide-to-official-thinking-about-russia.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 8, 1947 |page=22 |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mark |first1=Eduard |title=The Question of Containment: A Reply to John Lewis Gaddis |journal=Foreign Affairs |date=1978 |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=430β441 |doi=10.2307/20039861 |jstor=20039861 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20039861 |issn=0015-7120|url-access=subscription }} * {{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=C. Ben |title=Mr. "X" and Containment |journal=Slavic Review |date=1976 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1β31 |doi=10.2307/2494817 |jstor=2494817 |issn=0037-6779|doi-access=free }} {{refend}}
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