Editing Abolition of monarchy (section)

=== Nationalism ===

==== China ====

The [[monarchy of China]] ceased to exist in 1912 when the [[Xinhai Revolution]] led by [[Sun Yat-sen]] succeeded in overthrowing the young [[Puyi|Xuantong Emperor]]; this marked the end of the [[Qing dynasty]] and the start of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]. In 1915, [[Yuan Shikai]] briefly proclaimed the [[Empire of China (1915–1916)|Empire of China]] with himself as the emperor; the regime failed to gain legitimacy and collapsed three months later. In 1917, the Qing loyalist [[Zhang Xun]] sought to revive the Qing dynasty and briefly reinstalled the Xuantong Emperor to the Chinese throne; this attempt is known as the "[[Manchu Restoration]]" in historiography. The monarchy in parts of China was restored through the Japanese-sponsored client state known as [[Manchukuo]] with the former Qing emperor as its leader until the final abolition in 1945.

The area of [[Tibet]] was ruled by the [[Ganden Phodrang]] government which continued through the [[annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China]] until the [[1959 Tibetan uprising|Tibetan rebellion]] in 1959 where the monarchy in Tibet was dissolved although it continued in exile as the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] in India.

During the Xinhai Revolution, [[Outer Mongolia]] declared independence from the Qing dynasty of China in the [[Mongolian Revolution of 1911]]. The [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia]] was subsequently proclaimed, although the Republic of China laid claims to Outer Mongolia and was widely recognized by the international community as having sovereignty over it. In 1924, the [[Mongolian People's Republic]] was established, bringing an end to the monarchy in Mongolia.