Editing Archaeogenetics (section)

==== Australia and New Guinea ====
Finally, archaeogenetics has been used to study the occupation of Australia and New Guinea.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Kayser|first=Manfred|date=2010-02-23|title=The Human Genetic History of Oceania: Near and Remote Views of Dispersal|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=20|issue=4|pages=R194–R201|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.004|issn=0960-9822|pmid=20178767|s2cid=7282462|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Indigenous people of Australia and New Guinea are phenotypically very similar, but mtDNA has shown that this is due to convergence from living in similar conditions.<ref name=":6" /> Non-coding regions of mt-DNA have shown “no similarities” between the aboriginal populations of Australia and New Guinea.<ref name=":6" /> Furthermore, no major NRY lineages are shared between the two populations. The high frequency of a single NRY lineage unique to Australia coupled with “low diversity of lineage-associated Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) haplotypes” provide evidence for a “recent founder or bottleneck” event in Australia.<ref name=":6" /> But there is relatively large variation in mtDNA, which would imply that the bottleneck effect impacted males primarily.<ref name=":6" /> Together, NRY and mtDNA studies show that the splitting event between the two groups was over 50&nbsp;kya, casting doubt on recent common ancestry between the two.<ref name=":6" />