Editing Baghdad (section)

== Economy ==
{{Panorama
| image = File:View on Baghdad 2017.jpg
| height = 150
| caption = View of Central Business district
}}Iraq's primate city, Baghdad serves as the commercial and financial hub, home to 22% of the population, and generating 40% of the Iraq's GDP.<ref name="sjsu-2024">{{Cite web |title=The Economic History of Baghdad |url=https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/baghdad2.htm |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=sjsu.edu}}</ref> It connects trade routes between Turkey, Syria, India, and Southeast Asia.<ref name="rawabet-2025a">{{Cite web |title=Economy of the largest cities of Iraq "Baghdad" – rawabt center |url=https://rawabetcenter.com/en/?p=6609 |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=rawabetcenter.com}}</ref> As the capital, it hosts government institutions and state enterprises, key sources of employment.<ref name="rawabet-2025a" /> The public education system follows [[Saddamism|Ba'athist socialist ideologies]], for employment in the public sector.<ref name="Equal Times-2023">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=A new era of opportunity is opening up in Iraq with the development of the private sector and the creation of start-ups |url=https://www.equaltimes.org/a-new-era-of-opportunity-is?lang=en |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Equal Times |language=en}}</ref> Since 2003, the public sector has struggled to provide jobs, and the private sector hasn't grown sufficiently, leading companies to hire mainly foreigners.<ref name="Equal Times-2023"/> To address this, NGOs are establishing incubation centers in the city.<ref name="equaltimes.org">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=A new era of opportunity is opening up in Iraq with the development of the private sector and the creation of start-ups |url=https://www.equaltimes.org/a-new-era-of-opportunity-is?lang=en |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Equal Times |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:برج بغداد.png|left|thumb|[[Mansour district]] — one of the affluent districts of Baghdad]]
Baghdad serves as headquarters for important companies of Iraq, such as [[Iraq National Oil Company]], [[State Organization for Marketing of Oil]] and [[Iraqi Airways]].<ref name="rawabet-2025a" /> Baghdad is home to large insurance companies and banks — [[Central Bank of Iraq]], [[Rafidain Bank]], and [[Rasheed Bank|Rashid Bank]] and regional headquarters for [[First Abu Dhabi Bank]], [[Fransabank]] and [[Saudi National Bank]].<ref name="rawabet-2025b">{{Cite web |title=Economy of the largest cities of Iraq "Baghdad" – rawabt center |url=https://rawabetcenter.com/en/?p=6609 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=rawabetcenter.com}}</ref> Multinational companies such as [[Honeywell]], [[Shell plc|Shell]], [[General Electric]], [[SalamAir]] and [[Robert Bosch GmbH]] have established their regional base.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" /> Baghdad is also home to Iraq Stock Exchange, that was established in 1992. Most of these establishments are located in [[Al-Rasheed Street]], [[Karrada]] and [[Mansour district]].<ref name="rawabet-2025a" />
[[File:BB6A3667.jpg|thumb|[[Al-Kazimiyya Mosque|al-Kadhimiya Mosque]] is visited by millions of people.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}]]
It was once one of the main destinations in the region with a wealth of cultural attractions.<ref name="Lebanon-2022">{{Cite news |date=25 October 2022 |title=Lebanon: Iraqi tourists provide unlikely boost for failing economy |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63329846 |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tourism has diminished due to wars, but in recent years the city has a revival in tourism although still facing challenges.<ref name="France 24-2022">{{Cite web |date=27 March 2022 |title=In a 'dangerous' land: tourists trickle back to Iraq |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220327-in-a-dangerous-land-tourists-trickle-back-to-iraq |access-date=3 June 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> There are numerous historic, scientific and artistic museums in Baghdad.<ref name="Shane-2023">{{Cite web |last=Shane |date=10 June 2023 |title=Is it safe to travel to Iraq as a tourist? |url=https://www.rockyroadtravel.com/is-it-safe-to-travel-to-iraq-as-a-tourist/ |access-date=3 June 2024 |website=Rocky Road Travel |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Travers-2024">{{Cite web |last=Travers |first=Alannah |title=Mutanabbi Street: An intellectual haven overcomes Iraq's pain |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/3/17/mutannabi-street-slowly-re-emerges-20-years-on-from-iraq-war |access-date=3 June 2024 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Religious tourism in Baghdad has grown since 2003, with sites like [[Al-Kadhimiya Mosque]], [[Abu Hanifa Mosque]], [[Mausoleum of Abdul-Qadir Gilani]], and [[Buratha Mosque]] attracting visitors from [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]], and [[India]], while non-religious tourists mainly come from [[Turkey]], [[France]], and the United States.<ref name="Al Arabiya -2013">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2013 |title=Iraq's holy cities enjoy boom in religious tourism |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/life-style/art-and-culture/2013/04/04/Iraq-s-holy-cities-enjoy-boom-in-religious-tourism |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> Around 1 million people visit the city annually for religious purposes.<ref name="Al Arabiya -2013" /> The pilgrims are both Shia and Sunni Muslims.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Religious tourism is failing Iraq's economy {{!}} Ahmed Twaij {{!}} AW |url=https://thearabweekly.com/religious-tourism-failing-iraqs-economy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108173511/https://thearabweekly.com/religious-tourism-failing-iraqs-economy |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=31 January 2025 |work=AW |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

The city contains the factories of [[carpets]], [[leather]] and [[textiles]], workshops, [[cement]] and [[tobacco]] factories.<ref name="EB-2024">{{Cite web |date=20 December 2024 |title=Baghdad - Mosques, Palaces, Gardens {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad/Architecture-and-monuments#ref24875 |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Industrial areas extend from the city center to outside and suburbs in the metropolitan area, such as [[Taji]] and northern Baghdad.<ref name="EB-2024" /> Subsequently, it has produced a wide variety of consumer and industrial goods, including processed foods and beverages, clothes, footwear, wood products, furniture, paper and printed material, bricks, chemicals, plastics, electrical equipment, and metal and nonmetallic products.<ref name="EB-2024" /> [[Bismayah New City|Bismayah]], southeast of Baghdad, is home to world's largest precast factory.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" /> In agricultural aspect, palm groves are spread in the city, and many of its people depends on the cultivation of many yields.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" />

Baghdad, like other provinces such as [[Babylon]], [[Karbala]] and [[Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate|Qadissiya]], contains metals such as [[aluminum]], [[ceramics]], [[nickel]], [[manganese]] and [[chromium]], whose size is not yet known, being recently discovered by local Iraqi cadres lacking experience and mechanisms to determine the size of these explorations.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" /> An [[oilfield]] is located in eastern Baghdad.<ref name="孙汝-2025">{{Cite web |last=孙汝 |title=Huge oil reserves discovered in central Iraq |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202501/21/WS678f5b34a310a2ab06ea85d0.html |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> It was believed that the quantities of oil is modest, but the drilling disclosed that its size exceeds the initial estimates, and has northern extensions in the province of [[Saladin Governorate|Salah al-Din]], and southern province of [[Wasit Governorate|Wasit]].<ref name="孙汝-2025" /> The city is also home to Dora Refinery, a large oil refinery in [[Dora, Baghdad|Dora]], which is the 3rd largest in Iraq in terms of production.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" /> The production of it exceeds {{convert|200000|oilbbl|m3}} per day, while its total production estimated if it was developed up to {{convert|120,000|oilbbl|m3}} per day.<ref name="rawabet-2025b" />

Most [[Reconstruction of Iraq|reconstruction]] efforts have been devoted to the restoration and repair of badly damaged urban infrastructure.<ref name="ARCADD-2008">{{Cite web |title=ARCADD |url=http://www.arcadd.com/baghdad-cbd.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220055610/http://www.arcadd.com/baghdad-cbd.htm |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> Some of the private projects includes  [[Reconstruction of Iraq#Proposed Baghdad Renaissance Plan|Baghdad Renaissance Plan]], [[Sindbad Hotel Complex and Conference Center]], and [[Central Bank of Iraq Tower]]. Other project proposed includes Romantic Island and Baghdad Gate.<ref name="MSNBC/id/264259112">{{Cite news |last=Yacoub |first=Sameer |title=Baghdad plans to build giant Ferris wheel |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26425911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211141049/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26425911/ |archive-date=11 December 2013 |access-date=27 August 2008 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref><ref name="Baghdad Governorate Website-2010">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Baghdad Investment: Creating (1824) housing units in Baghdad. |url=http://www.baghdadgov.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=178:baghdad-investment-createing-of-1824-housing-units-in-baghdad&catid=25:the-project&Itemid=95 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323164726/http://www.baghdadgov.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=178:baghdad-investment-createing-of-1824-housing-units-in-baghdad&catid=25:the-project&Itemid=95 |archive-date=23 March 2010 |access-date=9 July 2010 |work=Baghdad Governorate Website}}</ref> Numerous projects have been also impacted due to corruption.<ref name="nytimes22">{{cite news |last1=Mohammed |first1=Riyadh |last2=Leland |first2=John |date=29 December 2009 |title=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/30/world/middleeast/30baghdad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006200141/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/30/world/middleeast/30baghdad.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> According to a report published by [[CNBC]], there are around 150 entertainment projects planned for the city.<ref name="موقع نبض-2025">{{Cite web |title=الغد برس {{!}} شبكة |url=https://nabd-com.translate.goog/s/116166814-da4f17/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9-cnbc-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-2022-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-3-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=موقع نبض |language=ar}}</ref> Many of them were delayed due to government policies.<ref name="موقع نبض-2025" /> Also Baghdad has witnessed the opening of dozens of tourist complexes annually with areas reaching {{Convert|20000|m2|acre}} in addition to some major tourism projects with areas exceeding {{Convert|50000|m2|acre}} with the aim of investment combining trade and tourism as a distinctive economic model.<ref name="موقع نبض-2025" /> In recent years, Baghdad has also adopted modern economic trends like, establishment of startup hubs, office space and incubation center, as well as development of shopping malls such [[Baghdad Mall]] and Dijlah Village.<ref name="equaltimes.org"/><gallery mode="packed" widths="200" perrow="4" class="center" caption="[[Investment in post-invasion Iraq|Under-construction projects in Baghdad]]">
File:مجمع الصالحية السكني في بغداد.jpg|link=|Under construction buildings in Karkh
File:فندق بغداد روتانا.jpg|[[Baghdad Mall]] and [[Rotana Hotels|Rotana Hotel]] in Harthiya, [[Mansour district]]
</gallery>