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Boundary layer
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== Boundary layer ingestion == Boundary layer ingestion promises an increase in [[Fuel economy in aircraft|aircraft fuel efficiency]] with an aft-mounted [[propulsor]] ingesting the slow [[fuselage]] boundary layer and re-energising the [[Wake (physics)|wake]] to reduce drag and improve [[propulsive efficiency]].<!--<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/>--> To operate in distorted airflow, the fan is heavier and its efficiency is reduced, and its integration is challenging.<!--<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/>--> It is used in concepts like the [[Aurora D8]] or the French research agency [[Onera]]'s Nova, saving 5% in cruise by ingesting 40% of the fuselage boundary layer.<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/> [[Airbus]] presented the Nautilius concept at the [[International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences|ICAS]] congress in September 2018:<!--<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/>--> to ingest all the fuselage boundary layer, while minimizing the [[azimuth]]al flow distortion, the fuselage splits into two spindles with 13-18:1 [[bypass ratio]] fans.<!--<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/>--> Propulsive efficiencies are up to 90% like counter-rotating [[open rotor]]s with smaller, lighter, less complex and noisy engines.<!--<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018/>--> It could lower fuel burn by over 10% compared to a usual underwing 15:1 bypass ratio engine.<ref name=AvWeek19nov2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/future-aerospace/week-technology-november-19-23-2018 |title= The Week In Technology, November 19-23, 2018 |date= Nov 19, 2018 |author= Graham Warwick |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
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