Editing Chinese architecture (section)

==Urban planning==
{{Main|Ancient Chinese urban planning}}
Chinese urban planning is based on fengshui geomancy and the [[well-field system]] of land division, both used since the [[Neolithic age]]. The basic well-field diagram is overlaid with the ''luoshu'', a [[magic square]] divided into 9 sub-squares, and linked with Chinese numerology.<ref>Schinz, 1996</ref> In [[Song dynasty|Southern Song]] dynasty (1131AD), the design of [[Hongcun]] city in [[Anhui]] was based around "harmony between man and nature", facing south and surrounded by mountains and water. According to fengshui, it is a carefully planned ancient village and shows the Human-Nature Intergraded Ecological Planning concept.<ref>Zheng, Shanwen; Han, Baolong; Wang, Dang; and Zhiyun Ouyang (2018). ''Ecological Wisdom and Inspiration Underlying the Planning and Construction of Ancient Human Settlements: Case Study of Hongcun UNESCO World Heritage Site in China'' (http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1345 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617185407/https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1345 |date=17 June 2019 }}). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</ref>

Since wars were frequent in northern China, many people moved to southern China. The building method of a courtyard house was adapted to southern China. The village of Tungyuan in [[Fujian Province]] is a good example of a planned settlement that shows the feng shui elements – psychological self-defense and building structure – in the form of material self-defense.<ref>Jin, Xia; and Shang-chia Chiou (2015). ''Architectural Features and Preservation of Ancient Residential Complexes of the Changs in Xiangan, Xiamen'', page 455 (https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-5-W7/453/2015/isprsarchives-XL-5-W7-453-2015.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202233831/https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-5-W7/453/2015/isprsarchives-XL-5-W7-453-2015.pdf |date=2 December 2017 }}). Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.</ref>

[[File:Chengzhou Diagram.jpg|thumb|Plan of [[Chengzhou]] from the 1175 Song-era Xinding Sanlitu]]