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Cloud physics
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=== Detection === Data sets regarding cloud properties are gathered using satellites, such as [[Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS]], [[POLDER]], [[CALIPSO]] or [[European Remote-Sensing Satellite|ATSR]]. The instruments measure the [[radiance]]s of the clouds, from which the relevant parameters can be retrieved. This is usually done by using [[Inverse problem|inverse theory]].<ref name = "2013stubenrauch">{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00117.1 |title=Assessment of Global Cloud Datasets from Satellites: Project and Database Initiated by the GEWEX Radiation Panel |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume=94 |issue=7 |pages=1031β49 |year=2013 |last1=Stubenrauch |first1=C. J |last2=Rossow |first2=W. B |last3=Kinne |first3=S |last4=Ackerman |first4=S |last5=Cesana |first5=G |last6=Chepfer |first6=H |last7=Di Girolamo |first7=L |last8=Getzewich |first8=B |last9=Guignard |first9=A |last10=Heidinger |first10=A |last11=Maddux |first11=B. C |last12=Menzel |first12=W. P |last13=Minnis |first13=P |last14=Pearl |first14=C |last15=Platnick |first15=S |last16=Poulsen |first16=C |last17=Riedi |first17=J |last18=Sun-Mack |first18=S |last19=Walther |first19=A |last20=Winker |first20=D |last21=Zeng |first21=S |last22=Zhao |first22=G |bibcode=2013BAMS...94.1031S |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01091218/document |hdl=2060/20120014334 |s2cid=12145499 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The method of detection is based on the fact that the clouds tend to appear brighter and colder than the land surface. Because of this, difficulties rise in detecting clouds above bright (highly [[Reflection (physics)|reflective]]) surfaces, such as oceans and ice.<ref name = "2013stubenrauch" />
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