Editing Cognition (section)

===Physical exercise===
Aerobic and [[anaerobic exercise]] have been studied concerning cognitive improvement.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders LM, Hortobágyi T, la Bastide-van Gemert S, van der Zee EA, van Heuvelen MJ | title = Dose-response relationship between exercise and cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = e0210036 | date = 2019-01-10 | pmid = 30629631 | pmc = 6328108 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0210036 | bibcode = 2019PLoSO..1410036S | veditors = Regnaux JP | doi-access = free }}</ref> There appear to be short-term increases in attention span, verbal and visual memory in some studies. However, the effects are transient and diminish over time, after cessation of the physical activity.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Young J, Angevaren M, Rusted J, Tabet N | title = Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | pages = CD005381 | date = April 2015 | volume = 2015 | pmid = 25900537 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub4 | collaboration = Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group | pmc = 10554155 }}</ref> People with Parkinson's disease have also seen improved cognition while cycling, while pairing it with other cognitive tasks.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hazamy |first1=Audrey A. |last2=Altmann |first2=Lori J.P. |last3=Stegemöller |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Bowers |first4=Dawn |last5=Lee |first5=Hyo Keun |last6=Wilson |first6=Jonathan |last7=Okun |first7=Michael S. |last8=Hass |first8=Chris J. |date=April 2017 |title=Improved cognition while cycling in Parkinson's disease patients and healthy adults |journal=Brain and Cognition |language=en |volume=113 |pages=23–31 |doi=10.1016/j.bandc.2017.01.002 |pmc=5346468 |pmid=28088064}}</ref> Exercise, even at light intensity, significantly improves general cognition across all populations, with the largest cognitive gains seen from shorter interventions (1–3 months), light to moderate intensity activity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Ben |last2=Bennett |first2=Hunter |last3=Miatke |first3=Aaron |last4=Dumuid |first4=Dorothea |last5=Curtis |first5=Rachel |last6=Ferguson |first6=Ty |last7=Brinsley |first7=Jacinta |last8=Szeto |first8=Kimberley |last9=Petersen |first9=Jasmine M. |last10=Gough |first10=Claire |last11=Eglitis |first11=Emily |last12=Simpson |first12=Catherine EM |last13=Ekegren |first13=Christina L. |last14=Smith |first14=Ashleigh E. |last15=Erickson |first15=Kirk I. |date=2025-03-06 |title=Effectiveness of exercise for improving cognition, memory and executive function: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis |url=https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2025/03/06/bjsports-2024-108589 |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |language=en |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2024-108589 |issn=0306-3674 |pmid=40049759|url-access=subscription }}</ref>