Editing Commonwealth realm (section)

==Transitions==
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country{{NoteTag|The flags shown are the national flags of each country at the time it ceased to be a Commonwealth realm.}}
! From
! To
! Initial post-transition system
! Method of transition
|-
| {{Flag|Barbados}} ([[Monarchy of Barbados|monarchy]])
| {{dts|30 November 1966}}
| {{dts|30 November 2021}}
| [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary republic]]
| [[Constitutional amendment]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ceylon (1951–1972).svg}} [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]] ([[Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)|monarchy]]){{NoteTag|Renamed Sri Lanka upon becoming a republic.}}
| {{dts|4 February 1948}}
| {{dts|22 May 1972}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972|New constitution]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Fiji.svg}} [[Dominion of Fiji|Fiji]] ([[Monarchy of Fiji|monarchy]])
| {{dts|10 October 1970}}
| {{dts|6 October 1987}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[1987 Fijian coups d'état|Military coup]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Gambia"| {{flagicon image|Flag of The Gambia.svg}} [[The Gambia (1965–1970)|The Gambia]] ([[Queen of the Gambia|monarchy]])
| {{dts|18 February 1965}}
| {{dts|24 April 1970}}
| [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]<!---Per the 1970 Gambia Constitution as originally passed, the President was elected by a constituency-based variant of double simultaneous voting at general elections, or by the House of Representatives between elections, and the Cabinet was removable by a vote of no confidence. It was later amended to provide for separate direct presidential election.--->
| [[1970 Gambian republic referendum|Referendum]] and new constitution
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ghana.svg}} [[Dominion of Ghana|Ghana]] ([[Queen of Ghana|monarchy]])
| {{dts|6 March 1957}}
| {{dts|1 July 1960}}
| [[List of countries by system of government#Assembly-independent republics|Assembly-independent republic]]<!---Per the 1960 Ghana Constitution, the President was elected by a constituency-based variant of double simultaneous voting at general elections, or by the National Assembly between elections, and the Cabinet was not removable by a vote of no confidence--->
| [[1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum|Referendum]] and new constitution
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Guyana.svg}} [[Guyana (1966–1970)|Guyana]] ([[Queen of Guyana|monarchy]])
| {{dts|26 May 1966}}
| {{dts|23 February 1970}}
| Parliamentary republic
| Resolution<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolution No. 26 of 1969 |url=https://parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/resolutions/resolution-no.-26-of-1969 |publisher=Parliament of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana |access-date=1 October 2021 |date=29 August 1969}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Dominion of India|India]] ([[Emperor of India|monarchy]])
| {{dts|15 August 1947}}
| {{dts|26 January 1950}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[Constitution of India|New constitution]]
|-
| data-sort-value="Irish Free State"| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} [[Irish Free State]] ([[Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949|monarchy]])
| {{dts|6 December 1922}}
| {{dts|18 April 1949}}{{NoteTag|See also: [[Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949]].}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[Ireland Act 1949|Act of parliament]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Kenya.svg}} [[Kenya (1963–1964)|Kenya]] ([[Queen of Kenya|monarchy]])
| {{dts|12 December 1963}}
| {{dts|12 December 1964}}
| Parliamentary republic with an executive presidency<!---Per the 1964 amendments to the 1963 Constitution of Kenya, the President was elected by a constituency-based variant of double simultaneous voting at general elections to the House of Representatives, or by the House of Representatives between elections (without any Senate involvement), and the Cabinet was removable by a vote of no confidence. It was later amended to provide for a unicameral National Assembly and separate direct presidential election.--->
| Constitutional amendment
|-
| {{Flag|Malawi}} ([[Queen of Malawi|monarchy]])
| {{dts|6 July 1964}}
| {{dts|6 July 1966}}
| [[One-party state|One-party]] [[presidential republic]]
| New constitution
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Malta.svg}} [[State of Malta|Malta]] ([[Queen of Malta|monarchy]])
| {{dts|21 September 1964}}
| {{dts|13 December 1974}}
| Parliamentary republic
| Constitutional amendment
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Mauritius.svg}} [[Mauritius (1968–1992)|Mauritius]] ([[Queen of Mauritius|monarchy]])
| {{dts|12 March 1968}}
| {{dts|12 March 1992}}
| Parliamentary republic
| Constitutional amendment
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Nigeria.svg}} [[Federation of Nigeria|Nigeria]] ([[Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)|monarchy]])
| {{dts|1 October 1960}}
| {{dts|1 October 1963}}
| Parliamentary republic
| Constitutional amendment
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]{{NoteTag|Also included modern-day [[Bangladesh]] (as [[East Bengal]] / [[East Pakistan]]).}} ([[Monarchy of Pakistan|monarchy]])
| {{dts|14 August 1947}}
| {{dts|23 March 1956}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|New constitution]]
|-
| ''{{Flag|Rhodesia}}''  ([[Queen of Rhodesia|monarchy]]){{NoteTag|note=[[Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence|Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence]] in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally, nor did Elizabeth accept the title "[[Queen of Rhodesia]]". It declared itself a republic in 1970.|name=rhodesia}}
| {{dts|11 November 1965}}
| {{dts|2 March 1970}}
| [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary republic]]
| [[1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum#Adoption of new constitution|Referendum and new constitution]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Sierra Leone.svg}} [[Sierra Leone (1961–1971)|Sierra Leone]] ([[Queen of Sierra Leone|monarchy]])
| {{dts|27 April 1961}}
| {{dts|19 April 1971}}
| Parliamentary republic<!---Per the 1971 Sierra Leone Constitution, the President was elected by a constituency-based variant of double simultaneous voting at general elections, or by Parliament between elections. Despite having broad authority to form their own government, the President was still bound by the advice of their ministers, and the Cabinet was removable by a vote of no confidence.--->
| New constitution
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] ([[Monarchy of South Africa|monarchy]])
| {{dts|31 May 1910}}
| {{dts|31 May 1961}}
| Parliamentary republic
| [[1960 South African republic referendum|Referendum]] and [[South African Constitution of 1961|new constitution]]
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg}} [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]]{{NoteTag|Now a part of Tanzania.}}  ([[Queen of Tanganyika|monarchy]])
| {{dts|9 December 1961}}
| {{dts|9 December 1962}}
| [[List of countries by system of government#Assembly-independent republics|Assembly-independent republic]]<!---Per the 1962 Tanganyika Constitution, the President was elected by a constituency-based variant of double simultaneous voting at general elections, or by the National Assembly between elections, and the Cabinet was not removable by a vote of no confidence--->
| New constitution
|-
| {{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} ([[Queen of Trinidad and Tobago|monarchy]])
| {{dts|31 August 1962}}
| {{dts|1 August 1976}}
| Parliamentary republic
| New constitution
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Uganda.svg}} [[Uganda (1962–1963)|Uganda]] ([[Queen of Uganda|monarchy]])
| {{dts|9 October 1962}}
| {{dts|9 October 1963}}
| Parliamentary elective monarchy
| Constitutional amendment
|-
|}

In addition to the states listed above, the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] was a dominion when the ''[[Statute of Westminster 1931]]'' was given royal assent but effectively lost that status in 1934, without ever having assented to the ''Statute of Westminster'', and before the term Commonwealth realm ever came into use. Due to a domestic financial and political crisis, the [[General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland legislature]] petitioned the UK to suspend dominion status, the UK parliament passed the ''[[Newfoundland Act 1933]]'', and [[Commission of Government|direct rule]] was implemented in 1934. Rather than reclaiming dominion status after the Second World War, it became a province of Canada in 1949.<ref>J. K. Hiller. (2002). [http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/amulree-commission.php The Newfoundland Royal Commission, 1933 (The Amulree Commission).] Government and Politics Bibliography. heritage.nf.ca</ref>

===Republican referendums===
Six Commonwealth realms and dominions held referendums to consider whether they should become republics. As of January 2020, of the eight held, three were successful: in Ghana, in South Africa and the second referendum in Gambia. Referendums that rejected the proposal were held in Australia, twice in Tuvalu, and in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Interest in holding a second referendum was expressed in Australia in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-10995425 |title = Australia's Gillard backs republic after Queen's death |date = 17 August 2010 |publisher = BBC |access-date = 17 July 2013 }}</ref>

During the [[2020 Jamaican general election]], the [[People's National Party]] promised to hold a referendum on becoming a republic within 18 months if it won the election<ref>{{cite web |url = http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20200808/pnp-vows-hold-referendum-whether-remove-queen-if-elected |title = PNP vows to hold referendum on whether to remove Queen, if elected |date=8 August 2020 |website=Jamaica Gleaner }}</ref> and polls suggested that 55 per cent of Jamaicans desired the country become a republic.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/55-of-respondents-say-the-queen-must-go_200465 |title=55% of respondents say The Queen must go |date=10 August 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410212424/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/55-of-respondents-say-the-queen-must-go_200465 |archive-date=10 April 2022 |website=Jamaica Observer }}</ref> The ruling [[Jamaica Labour Party]], which had in 2016 promised a referendum it did not deliver, was reelected.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/commentary/20200908/editorial-pms-governance-agenda-needs-clarity|title=Editorial &#124; PM's governance agenda needs clarity|date=8 September 2020|website=Jamaica Gleaner}}</ref>

[[Barbados]], which had been a Commonwealth realm for 55 years since it gained independence in 1966, [[Republicanism in Barbados#2021 Constitutional amendment|became a republic]] by vote of Parliament in October 2021, effective on 30 November 2021. Some Barbadians criticised the government's decision not to hold a referendum on the issue as being undemocratic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2021 |title=Do it the democratic way |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2021/08/29/btcolumn-do-it-the-democratic-way/ |publisher=Barbados Today |access-date=7 October 2021 |first=Ronnie |last=Yearwood |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928142712/https://barbadostoday.bb/2021/08/29/btcolumn-do-it-the-democratic-way/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2021 |title=DLP president calls for a referendum |url=https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/news/dlp-president-calls-referendum |publisher=Barbados Advocate |access-date=7 October 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928151358/https://www.barbadosadvocate.com/news/dlp-president-calls-referendum |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, following the death of [[Elizabeth II]] and the accession of [[Charles III]], the governments of [[Jamaica]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Jamaican Government Gives 2025 Timeline to Become Republic |url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/caribbean-breaking-news-featured/jamaica-government-gives-2025-timeline-to-become-republic/ |access-date=12 September 2022 |work=Caribbean News Weekly |date=8 June 2022 |first=Jhaneal |last=French}}</ref> [[The Bahamas]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Charles Be Our Last King? |first=Leandra |last=Rolle |url=http://www.tribune242.com/news/2022/sep/09/pm-govt-will-let-bahamians-decide-if-nation-should/ |access-date=12 September 2022 |work=The Tribune |date=11 September 2022}}</ref> and [[Antigua and Barbuda]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister Gaston Browne plans referendum on replacing the monarchy |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2022-09-10/caribbean-prime-minister-plans-referendum-to-replace-monarchy |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=10 September 2022 |first=Ian |last=Woods |website=ITV News}}</ref> announced their intentions to hold referendums.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
! Year held
! Country
! Yes
! No
! Margin of victory (%)
! Republic
|-
|[[1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum|1960]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ghana.svg}} [[Dominion of Ghana|Ghana]]
|'''1,008,740 (88.49%)'''
|131,145 (11.51%)
|877,595 (77%)
|[[File:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|[[1960 South African republic referendum|1960]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
|'''850,458 (52.29%)'''
|775,878 (47.71%)
|74,580 (5%)
|[[File:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|[[1965 Gambian republic referendum|1965]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of The Gambia.svg}} [[The Gambia (1965–1970)|The Gambia]]
|61,563 (65.85%)
|31,921 (34.15%)
|{{n/a}}{{NoteTag|In this referendum the "yes" votes failed to reach the required two-thirds (66%) total, therefore the proposal was rejected.}}
|[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
|[[1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum|1969]]
|style="text-align:left;"|''{{Flag|Rhodesia}}''{{NoteTag|name=rhodesia}}
|'''61,130 (81.01%)'''
|14,327 (18.99%)
|46,803 (62%)
|[[File:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|[[1970 Gambian republic referendum|1970]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of The Gambia.svg}} The Gambia
|'''84,968 (70.45%)'''
|35,638 (29.55%)
|49,330 (41%)
|[[File:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|-
|[[1986 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum|1986]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvalu (1978–1995).svg}} [[Tuvalu]]
|121 (5.34%)
|'''2,144 (94.66%)'''
|2,023 (89%)
|[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
|[[1999 Australian republic referendum|1999]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Australia}}
|5,273,024 (45.13%)
|'''6,410,787 (54.87%)'''
|1,137,763 (10%)
|[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
|[[2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum|2008]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvalu.svg}} Tuvalu
|679 (35.02%)
|'''1,260 (64.98%)'''
|581 (30%)
|[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
|[[2009 Vincentian constitutional referendum|2009]]
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|22,646 (43.71%)
|'''29,167 (55.29%)'''
|6,521 (12%)
|[[File:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|-
|}