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=== The 2015 Brains vs AI competition by Rivers Casino, CMU and Microsoft === From April–May 2015, Carnegie Mellon University Sandholm's bot, [[Claudico]], faced off against four human opponents, in a series of no-limit Texas Hold'em matches.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brains vs. AI: Computer faces poker pros in no-limit Texas Hold'em|work=UPI|author=Marilyn Malara|date=April 25, 2015|url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2015/04/25/Brains-vs-AI-Computer-faces-poker-pros-in-no-limit-Texas-Holdem/6431429965877/|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rivers Casino's Brains vs AI|url=http://www.riverscasino.com/pittsburgh/BrainsVsAI/|access-date=2015-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203181010/http://www.riverscasino.com/pittsburgh/BrainsVsAI|archive-date=2016-02-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Finally, after playing 80,000 hands, humans were up by a combined total of $732,713. But even though humans technically won, scientists considered the win as statistically insignificant (rather, a statistical tie) when that $732,713 is compared to the total betting amount of $170,000,000 ($170 million). However, some have determined this claim to be disingenuous.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title = Brains Vs. AI {{!}} Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science|url = https://www.cs.cmu.edu/brains-vs-ai|website = www.cs.cmu.edu|access-date = 2016-02-10}}</ref> Statistically insignificant here means that the programmers of Claudico can not say with 95% confidence (a 95% confidence interval) that humans are better than the computer program. However, it is a statistically significant win on a 90% confidence interval. This means that the human players are somewhere between a 10 to 1 and 20 to 1 favorite.<ref name="auto"/> The way the tournament was structured was in two sets of two players each. In each of the two sets, the players got the opposite cards. Meaning if the computer has As9c (Ace of Spades & Nine of Clubs) and the human has Jh8d on one computer, the other of the two players in the set will have As9c up against the computer's Jh8d. However, even with the human players winning more than the computer—not all of the players were positive in their head-to-head match ups. The totals for each of the players winnings were as follows: * Douglas Polk: +$213,671 * Dong Kim: +$70,491 * Bjorn Li: +$529,033 * Jason Les: -$80,482<ref>{{Cite web|title = Brains vs Artificial Intelligence|url = http://www.riverscasino.com/pittsburgh/BrainsVsAI/#sm.000hrle2c18s7du3zk31h7wk8qcc2|website = www.riverscasino.com|access-date = 2016-02-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160203181010/http://www.riverscasino.com/pittsburgh/BrainsVsAI#sm.000hrle2c18s7du3zk31h7wk8qcc2|archive-date = 2016-02-03|url-status = dead}}</ref>
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