Editing Dnipro (section)

==== Post-war closed city ====
[[File:Парк ракет. Дніпропетровськ.JPG|thumb|A [[Yuzhmash]] produced [[Tsyklon-3]] rocket, flanked by an [[RT-20P]] and [[R-11 Zemlya]] on display in Dnipro's "Rocket Park".]]
As early as July 1944, the State Committee of Defence in Moscow decided to build a large military machine-building factory in Dnipropetrovsk on the location of the pre-war aircraft plant. In December 1945, thousands of German [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] began construction and built the first sections and shops in the new factory. This was the foundation of the Dnipropetrovsk Automobile Factory. In 1954 the administration of this automobile factory opened a secret design office, designated [[OKB-586]], to construct military [[missile]]s and rocket engines.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Christopher |date=28 October 2017 |title=Inside 'Satan's' Lair: The Lock-Tight Ukrainian Rocket Plant At Center Of Tech-Leak Scandal |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-yuzhmash-north-korea-rocket-technology-report/28821134.html |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref>

The high-security project was joined by hundreds of physicists, engineers and machine designers from Moscow and other large Soviet cities. In 1965, the secret Plant No. 586 was transferred to the USSR [[Ministry of General Machine Building|Ministry of General Machine-Building]] which renamed it "the Southern Machine-building Factory" (Yuzhnyi mashino-stroitel'nyi zavod) or in abbreviated Russian, simply [[Yuzhmash]]. Yuzhmash became a significant factor in the arms race of the Cold War ([[Nikita Khrushchev]] boasted in 1960 that it was producing rockets "like sausages" ).<ref name="auto"/>

In 1959, Dnipropetrovsk was officially closed to foreign visitors.<ref name="KlumbyteSharafutdinova2022">{{cite book |author1=Neringa Klumbyte |author2=Gulnaz Sharafutdinova |title=Soviet Society in the Era of Late Socialism, 1964–1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxZyQlANcDEC&dq=closed+city+1959+Dnipropetrovsk&pg=PA68 |year=2012 |publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-7584-2 |page=68}}</ref> No foreign citizen, even of a socialist state, was allowed to visit the city or district. Its citizens were held by Communist authorities to a higher standard of ideological purity than the rest of the population, and their freedom of movement was severely restricted. It was not until 1987, during [[perestroika]], that Dnipropetrovsk was opened to international visitors and civil restrictions were lifted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2014 |title=Life and Death in Five Former Secret Soviet Cities |url=https://balkanist.net/life-and-death-in-the-user-former-secret-cities/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Balkanist |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Portnov |first=Andrii |author-link=Andrii Portnov |date=2022 |title=Dnipro: An Entangled History of a European City |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9WgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT293 |series=Ukrainian Studies |location=Boston |publisher=Academic Studies Press |isbn=979-88-8719031-0 |doi=10.1515/9798887190327-008 |page=312}}</ref>

The population of Dnipropetrovsk increased from 259,000 people in 1945 to 845,200 in 1965.<ref name="article225DniArch"/>

Notwithstanding the high-security regime, in September and October 1972, workers downed tools in several factories in Dnipropetrovsk demanding higher wages, better food and living conditions, and the right to choose one's job.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krawchenko |first=Bohdan |date=1993 |title=Strike |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CT%5CStrike.htm |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref> Labour militancy returned in the late 1980s, a period in which promises of [[Perestroika|Perestrioka]] and [[Glasnost]] raised popular expectations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teague |first=Elizabeth |date=1990 |title=Perestroika and the Soviet Worker |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44482502 |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=191–211 |doi=10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00755.x |issn=0017-257X |jstor=44482502 |s2cid=140457991|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1990 two thousand inmates rioted in the women's remand prison in a further of sign of growing unrest.<ref name="NYT20Jun1990">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3DD173EF933A15755C0A966958260 ''New York Times'', 20 June 1990 ''Evolution in Europe; Soviet Troops Kill an Inmate During Riot in Ukrainian Jail''] This stated that TASS had issued a statement saying that there had been a riot by 2,000 inmates in a prison in Dnipropetrovsk. The riot broke out on Thursday 14 June 1990, and was quelled by Soviet troops on Friday 15 June 1990, killing one prisoner and wounding another.</ref>