Editing Formula One (section)

==Constructors==
{{See also|List of Formula One constructors|List of Formula One engine constructors|List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions}}

[[File:2025 Japan GP - Ferrari - Lewis Hamilton - FP1.jpg|thumb|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] (pictured with [[Lewis Hamilton]]) have competed in every season.]]
A Formula One constructor is the entity credited for designing the chassis and the engine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Verlin|first=Kurt|date=10 October 2017|title=Quick Guide to Formula One Constructors|url=https://thenewswheel.com/quick-guide-to-formula-one-constructors/|access-date=2 December 2020|website=The News Wheel|language=en-US|archive-date=31 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231220547/https://thenewswheel.com/quick-guide-to-formula-one-constructors/|url-status=live}}</ref> If both are designed by the same company, that company receives sole credit as the constructor (e.g., [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]). If they are designed by different companies, both are credited, and the name of the chassis designer is placed before that of the engine designer (e.g., {{nowrap|[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]}}). All constructors are scored individually, even if they share either chassis or engine with another constructor (e.g., [[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[Williams Racing|Williams]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] in {{F1|1983}}).<ref>{{Cite web|title=1983 Constructor Standings|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1983/team.html|access-date=2 December 2020|website=Formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201065752/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/1983/team.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Constructors that share the engine with another constructor pay close attention - not just to their own performance - but also to the performance of other constructors using the same engine when assessing whether to extend their collaboration with an engine manufacturer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clough |first=David R. |last2=Piezunka |first2=Henning |date=2020-12-01 |title=Tie Dissolution in Market Networks: A Theory of Vicarious Performance Feedback |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0001839219899606 |journal=Administrative Science Quarterly |language=EN |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=972–1017 |doi=10.1177/0001839219899606 |issn=0001-8392|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Since {{F1|1981}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forix.autosport.com/8w/fiasco-introduction-timeline.html |title=Poachers turned gamekeepers: how the FOCA became the new FIA ''Part 1: Introduction and timeline'' |last=Diepraam |first=Mattijs |date=21 November 2007 |website=8W |publisher=FORIX/[[Autosport]].com |access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-date=11 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611091438/http://forix.autosport.com/8w/fiasco-introduction-timeline.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Formula One teams have been required to build the chassis in which they compete, and consequently the distinction between the terms "team" and "constructor" became less pronounced, though engines may still be produced by a different entity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clough |first=David R. |last2=Piezunka |first2=Henning |date=2020-12-01 |title=Tie Dissolution in Market Networks: A Theory of Vicarious Performance Feedback |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0001839219899606 |journal=Administrative Science Quarterly |language=EN |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=972–1017 |doi=10.1177/0001839219899606 |issn=0001-8392|doi-access=free }}</ref> This requirement distinguishes the sport from series such as the [[IndyCar Series]] which allows teams to purchase chassis, and "[[spec series]]" such as [[FIA Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2]] which require all cars be kept to an identical specification. It also effectively prohibits [[Privateer (motorsport)|privateers]], which were common even in Formula One well into the 1970s.

The sport's debut season, {{F1|1950}}, saw eighteen teams compete, but due to high costs, many dropped out quickly. In fact, such was the scarcity of competitive cars for much of the first decade of Formula One that Formula Two cars were admitted to fill the grids. Ferrari is the oldest Formula One team, the only still-active team which competed in 1950.

[[File:Ayrton Senna 1988 Canada.jpg|thumb|McLaren won all but one race in {{F1|1988}} with engine partner [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]].]]
[[File:Niko Hulkenberg-Test Days 2018 Circuit Barcelona (1).jpg|thumb|[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] (pictured here with [[Nico Hülkenberg]]) has had an active role in Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier since {{F1|1977}}.]]
Early manufacturer involvement came in the form of a "factory team" or "[[works team#Works or factory teams in motorsport|works team]]" (that is, one owned and staffed by a major car company), such as those of Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, or Renault. Ferrari holds the record for having won the most Constructors' Championships (sixteen).

Companies such as [[Coventry Climax|Climax]], [[Repco]], [[Cosworth]], [[Hart Racing Engines|Hart]], [[Judd (engine)|Judd]] and [[Supertec]], which had no direct team affiliation, often sold engines to teams that could not afford to manufacture them. In the early years, independently owned Formula One teams sometimes also built their engines, though this became less common with the increased involvement of major car manufacturers such as BMW, Ferrari, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Renault, and Toyota, whose large budgets rendered privately built engines less competitive. Cosworth was the last independent engine supplier.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cosworth return unlikely says Stewart |url=http://en.f1-live.com/f1/en/headlines/news/detail/071108095715.shtml |website=F1-Live.com |access-date=1 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331163340/http://en.f1-live.com/f1/en/headlines/news/detail/071108095715.shtml |archive-date=31 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is estimated the major teams spend between €100 and €200&nbsp;million ($125–$225&nbsp;million) per year per manufacturer on engines alone.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Adam|title=Mosley Stands Firm on Engine Freeze|url=http://www.speedtv.com/articles/auto/formulaone/27851/|publisher=Speed TV|access-date=1 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105224446/http://www.speedtv.com/articles/auto/formulaone/27851/|archive-date=5 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the 2007 season, for the first time since the 1981 rule, two teams used chassis built by other teams. [[Super Aguri]] started the season using a modified [[Honda RA106|Honda Racing RA106]] chassis (used by Honda the previous year), while [[Scuderia Toro Rosso]] used the same chassis used by the parent [[Red Bull Racing]] team, which was formally designed by a separate subsidiary. The usage of these loopholes was ended for 2010 with the publication of new technical regulations, which require each constructor to own the intellectual property rights to their chassis,<ref>{{cite web|title=First own-design for Toro Rosso|url=http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/227186/first-own-design-for-toro-rosso/|website=GPUpdate.net|access-date=10 January 2015|date=1 February 2010|quote=Being recognised as a Constructor involves owning the intellectual property rights to what are defined as the listed parts: these are effectively the monocoque, the safety structures that are subject to homologation and crash testing, which means the rear and front structures, primary and secondary roll-over structures and the complete aerodynamic package, the suspension, fuel and cooling systems.|archive-date=10 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110192602/http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/227186/first-own-design-for-toro-rosso/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/interviews/2008/3/7527.html|title=Formula 1: Interview&nbsp;– Toro Rosso's Gerhard Berger|access-date=23 May 2008|date=23 May 2008|website=Formula1.com|archive-date=26 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726075748/http://www.formula1.com/news/interviews/2008/3/7527.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The regulations continue to allow a team to subcontract the design and construction of the chassis to a third-party, an option used by the [[HRT Formula 1 Team|HRT team]] in 2010 and [[Haas F1 Team|Haas]] currently.

Although teams rarely disclose information about their budgets, it is estimated they range from US$66&nbsp;million to US$400&nbsp;million each.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f1i.com/content/view/4377/0/|title=McLaren is F1's biggest spender|access-date=7 January 2007|date=16 June 2006|website=F1i.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209182616/http://www.f1i.com/content/view/4377/0/|archive-date=9 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Entering a new team in the Formula One World Championship requires a $200&nbsp;million up-front payment to the FIA, which is then shared equally among the existing teams.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Rencken|first1=Dieter|last2=Collantine|first2=Keith|url=https://www.racefans.net/2020/09/12/200-million-charge-for-new-teams-to-stop-random-entries-like-usf1//|title=$200 million charge for new teams to stop "random" entries like USF1|date=12 September 2020|website=RaceFans.net|access-date=17 September 2020|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313142946/https://www.racefans.net/2020/09/12/200-million-charge-for-new-teams-to-stop-random-entries-like-usf1/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a consequence, constructors desiring to enter Formula One often prefer to buy an existing team: [[British American Racing|BAR]]'s purchase of [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] and [[Midland F1 Racing|Midland]]'s purchase of Jordan allowed both of these teams to sidestep the large deposit and secure the benefits the team already had, such as TV revenue.

Seven out of the ten teams competing in Formula One are based close to London in an area centred around Oxford. Ferrari have both their chassis and engine assembly in Maranello, Italy. The [[RB Formula One Team]] is based close to Ferrari in Faenza, whilst Sauber Motorsport is based near Zurich in Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Britain's Motorsport Valley – the home of Formula 1 |language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/23048643|date=26 June 2013|access-date=6 August 2021|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927174311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/23048643|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where are Formula One teams based?|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/f1/where-are-f1-teams-based|access-date=6 August 2021|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us|archive-date=6 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806091344/https://www.sportskeeda.com/f1/where-are-f1-teams-based|url-status=live}}</ref>