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== References == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Abelson-Sussman_2016">{{cite book |title=Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs_(Second_Edition).pdf |author-first1=Harold |author-last1=Abelson |author-first2=Gerald Jay |author-last2=Sussman |author-first3=Julie |author-last3=Sussman |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, US |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |edition=2nd |date=2016 |pages=734β736}}</ref> <ref name="McCarthy_1960">{{cite journal |title=Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part I |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=3 |issue=4 |doi=10.1145/367177.367199 |date=1960 |author-last=McCarthy |author-first=John |s2cid=1489409 |pages=184β195 |url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.html |access-date=2009-05-29|doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Mars">{{cite web |url=http://dlang.org/overview.html |title=Overview β D Programming Language |website=dlang.org |publisher=Digital Mars |access-date=2014-07-29}}</ref> <ref name="Zorn_1993">{{cite journal |citeseerx=10.1.1.14.1816 |author-first=Benjamin |author-last=Zorn |title=The Measured Cost of Conservative Garbage Collection |journal=Software: Practice and Experience |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=733β756 |publisher=Department of Computer Science, [[University of Colorado Boulder]] |date=1993-01-22 |doi=10.1002/spe.4380230704 |s2cid=16182444}}</ref> <ref name="Hertz-Berger_2005">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/gcvsmalloc.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402024350/http://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/gcvsmalloc.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=live |chapter=Quantifying the Performance of Garbage Collection vs. Explicit Memory Management |title=Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications - OOPSLA '05 |pages=313β326 |author-first1=Matthew |author-last1=Hertz |author-first2=Emery D. |author-last2=Berger |date=2005 |access-date=2015-03-15 |doi=10.1145/1094811.1094836 |isbn=1-59593031-0 |s2cid=6570650}}</ref> <ref name="wwdc_2011">{{cite web |url=https://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/wwdc_2011/adc_on_itunes__wwdc11_sessions__pdf/300developer_tools_kickoff.pdf |work=[[WWDC]] 2011 |title=Developer Tools Kickoff β session 300 |publisher=[[Apple, Inc.]] |date=2011-06-24 |access-date=2015-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904235123/https://docs.huihoo.com/apple/wwdc/2011/session_300__developer_tools_kickoff.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="MS_2009">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/abhinaba/2009/01/27/back-to-basics-reference-counting-garbage-collection/ |author=[[Microsoft]]|title=Reference Counting Garbage Collection|date=27 January 2009 |access-date=2023-03-29}}</ref><ref name="Python_2008">{{cite web |url=https://docs.python.org/release/2.5.2/ext/refcounts.html |access-date=2014-05-22 |date=2008-02-21 |title=Reference Counts |work=Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter}}</ref> <ref name="Ash_2013">{{cite web |author-first=Mike |author-last=Ash |url=https://www.mikeash.com/pyblog/friday-qa-2013-09-27-arm64-and-you.html |title=Friday Q&A 2013-09-27: ARM64 and You |publisher=mikeash.com |access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref> <ref name="Sealie_2013">{{cite web |url=http://www.sealiesoftware.com/blog/archive/2013/09/24/objc_explain_Non-pointer_isa.html |title=Hamster Emporium: [objc explain]: Non-pointer isa |publisher=Sealiesoftware.com |date=2013-09-24 |access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref> <ref name="Pibinger_2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/10141/RAII-Dynamic-Objects-and-Factories-in-C#1 |title=RAII, Dynamic Objects, and Factories in C++ |author-first=Roland |author-last=Pibinger |date=2005-05-03 |orig-date=2005-04-17}}</ref> <ref name="Levanoni-Petrank_2001">{{cite conference |author-first1=Yossi |author-last1=Levanoni |author-first2=Erez |author-last2=Petrank |author-link2=Erez Petrank |date=2001 |title=An on-the-fly reference-counting garbage collector for java |url=https://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~erez/Papers/refcount.ps |conference=[[OOPSLA]] 2001 |book-title=Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications |pages=367β380 |doi=10.1145/504282.504309|url-access=subscription }}</ref> <ref name="Levanoni-Petrank_2006">{{cite journal |author-first1=Yossi |author-last1=Levanoni |author-first2=Erez |author-last2=Petrank |author-link2=Erez Petrank |date=2006 |title=An on-the-fly reference-counting garbage collector for java |url=https://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~erez/Papers/refcount.ps |journal=ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. |pages=31β69 |doi=10.1145/1111596.1111597 |volume=28 |citeseerx=10.1.1.15.9106 |s2cid=14777709}}</ref> <ref name="Salagnac-Yovine-Garbervetsky_2005">{{Cite journal |author-first1=Guillaume |author-last1=Salagnac |author-first2=Sergio |author-last2=Yovine |author-first3=Diego |author-last3=Garbervetsky |date=2005-05-24 |title=Fast Escape Analysis for Region-based Memory Management |journal=[[Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science]] |volume=131 |pages=99β110 |doi=10.1016/j.entcs.2005.01.026 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Chisnall_2011">{{Cite book |url=http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1671639 |title=Influential Programming Languages, Part 4: Lisp |author-last=Chisnall |author-first=David |date=2011-01-12}}</ref> <ref name="PHP">{{cite web |url=http://php.net/manual/en/features.gc.performance-considerations.php |title=PHP: Performance Considerations |website=php.net |access-date=2015-01-14}}</ref> <ref name="MITS_1977">{{cite web |title=Altair 8800 Basic 4.1 Reference Manual |url=http://vtda.org/docs/computing/MITS/MITS_Altair8800Basic4.1Reference_April1977.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629013809/http://vtda.org/docs/computing/MITS/MITS_Altair8800Basic4.1Reference_April1977.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-29 |url-status=live |website=The Vintage Technology Digital Archive |access-date=2021-06-29 |page=108 |date=April 1977}}</ref> <ref name="Hacker">{{cite web |title=I did some work to speed up string garbage collection under Applesoft... |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26655648 |website=Hacker News |access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> <ref name="Little_1985">{{cite book |author-last=Little |author-first=Gary B. |title=Inside the Apple IIc |date=1985 |publisher=Brady Communications Co |location=Bowie, Md. |isbn=0-89303-564-5 |page=82 |url=http://hackzapple.org/scripts_php/index.php?menu=14&mod=8517283d55e912b0b5ac842147e28904a4a751d3&page=4 |access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref> <ref name="Fast_1981">{{cite journal |title=Fast Garbage Collection |journal=[[Call-A.P.P.L.E.]] |date=January 1981 |pages=40β45}}</ref> <ref name="Worth_1984">{{cite book |author-last=Worth |author-first=Don |title=Beneath Apple Pro DOS |date=1984 |publisher=Quality Software |location=Chatsworth, California, US |isbn=0-912985-05-4 |pages=2β6 |url=http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/fichiers/beneathprodos.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160743/http://www.apple-iigs.info/doc/fichiers/beneathprodos.pdf |archive-date=2008-12-03 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-29 |edition=March 1985 printing}}</ref> <ref name="Leopard">{{cite web |url=http://developer.apple.com/leopard/overview/objectivec2.html |title=Objective-C 2.0 Overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724195423/http://developer.apple.com/leopard/overview/objectivec2.html |archive-date=2010-07-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Siracusa_2011">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7/11/ |title=Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: the Ars Technica review |author-first=John |author-last=Siracusa |date=2011-07-20}}</ref> <ref name="Cichon_2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.heise.de/developer/meldung/App-Store-Apple-entfernt-Programme-mit-Garbage-Collection-2557111.html |title=App Store: Apple entfernt Programme mit Garbage Collection |date=2015-02-21 |access-date=2015-03-30 |publisher=[[Heise.de]] |author-first=Waldemar |author-last=Cichon}}</ref> <ref name="Silva_2014">{{cite web |url=http://au.ibtimes.com/ios-8-vs-android-50-lollipop-apple-kills-google-memory-efficiency-1389704/ |title=iOS 8 vs Android 5.0 Lollipop: Apple Kills Google with Memory Efficiency |author-first=Precious |author-last=Silva |website=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=2015-04-07 |date=2014-11-18 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403234107/http://au.ibtimes.com/ios-8-vs-android-50-lollipop-apple-kills-google-memory-efficiency-1389704 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Napier-Kumar_2012">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vg0Xe80W4oC&q=arc+runtime+garbage+collection&pg=PT83 |title=iOS 6 Programming Pushing the Limit |author-first1=Rob |author-last1=Napier |author-first2=Mugunth |author-last2=Kumar |access-date=2015-03-30 |date=2012-11-20 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-11844997-4}}</ref> <ref name="Cruz_2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.drdobbs.com/mobile/automatic-reference-counting-on-ios/240000820 |title=Automatic Reference Counting on iOS |first=JosΓ© R. C. |last=Cruz |date=2012-05-22 |publisher=[[Dr. Dobbs]] |access-date=2015-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516185324/https://www.drdobbs.com/mobile/automatic-reference-counting-on-ios/240000820 |archive-date=2020-05-16 }}</ref> <ref name="Fu-Hauser_2005">{{cite book |doi=10.1145/1140389.1140392 |chapter=A real-time garbage collection framework for embedded systems |title=Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems - SCOPES '05 |pages=20β26 |date=2005 |author-last1=Fu |author-first1=Wei |author-last2=Hauser |author-first2=Carl |isbn=1-59593207-0 |s2cid=8635481}}</ref> <ref name="Tene-Iyengar-Wolf_2011">{{cite book |doi=10.1145/1993478 |chapter-url=https://www.azul.com/files/c4_paper_acm1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809024656/http://www.azul.com/files/c4_paper_acm1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |url-status=live |chapter=C4: the continuously concurrent compacting collector |title=ISMM '11: Proceedings of the international symposium on Memory management |date=2011 |author-last1=Tene |author-first1=Gil |author-last2=Iyengar |author-first2=Balaji |author-last3=Wolf |author-first3=Michael |isbn=978-1-45030263-0}}</ref> <ref name="Mazur_2004">{{cite thesis |url=https://mercurylang.org/documentation/papers/CW2004_03_mazur.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427161526/http://www.mercurylang.org/documentation/papers/CW2004_03_mazur.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-27 |url-status=live |title=Compile-time garbage collection for the declarative language Mercury |author-first=Nancy |author-last=Mazur |date=May 2004 |publisher=[[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]]}}</ref> <ref name="Appleinsider_2015">{{cite web |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/02/20/apple-says-mac-app-makers-must-transition-to-arc-memory-management-by-may |title=Apple says Mac app makers must transition to ARC memory management by May |work=AppleInsider |date=2015-02-20}}</ref> <ref name="Huelsbergen-Winterbottom_1998">{{cite book |doi=10.1145/286860.286878 |chapter-url=http://doc.cat-v.org/inferno/concurrent_gc/concurrent_gc.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513153921/http://doc.cat-v.org/inferno/concurrent_gc/concurrent_gc.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-13 |url-status=live |chapter=Very concurrent mark-&-sweep garbage collection without fine-grain synchronization |title=Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Memory Management - ISMM '98 |pages=166β175 |date=1998 |author-last1=Huelsbergen |author-first1=Lorenz |author-last2=Winterbottom |author-first2=Phil |isbn=1-58113114-3 |s2cid=14399427}}</ref> <ref name="IECC-GC">{{cite web |url=http://www.iecc.com/gclist/GC-faq.html |title=GC FAQ}}</ref> <ref name="Lieberman-Hewitt_1983">{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/358141.358147 |url=https://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/Lieberary/GC/Realtime/Realtime.html |title=A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=419β429 |date=1983 |author-last1=Lieberman |author-first1=Henry |author-last2=Hewitt |author-first2=Carl |hdl=1721.1/6335 |s2cid=14161480 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Baker_1978">{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/359460.359470 |title=List processing in real time on a serial computer |journal=[[Communications of the ACM]] |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=280β294 |date=1978 |author-last=Baker |author-first=Henry G. |hdl=1721.1/41976 |s2cid=17661259 |hdl-access=free}} see also [http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/Lieberary/GC/Realtime/Realtime.html description]</ref> <ref name="McCloskey_2008">{{citation |author-last=McCloskey |author-last2=Bacon |author-last3=Cheng |author-last4=Grove |url=http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-groved/rc24504.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311134329/http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-groved/rc24504.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-11 |url-status=live |title=Staccato: A Parallel and Concurrent Real-time Compacting Garbage Collector for Multiprocessors |date=2008}}</ref> <ref name="nanoframework">{{cite web |url=https://nanoframework.net/ |title=.NET nanoFramework}}</ref> }}
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