Editing Genetically modified maize (section)

=== Food ===
The French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee reviewed the 2009 Vendômois ''et al.'' study and concluded that it "presents no admissible scientific element likely to ascribe any haematological, hepatic or renal toxicity to the three re-analysed GMOs."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp9612a2 |title=Opinion relating to the deposition of 15 December 2009 by the Member of Parliament, François Grosdidier, as to the conclusions of the study entitled 'A comparison of the effects of three GM corn varieties on mammalian health' |publisher=UK Food Standards Agency |page=2 |access-date=11 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105222929/http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp9612a2 |archive-date=5 November 2013 }}</ref> However, the French government applies the [[precautionary principle]] with respect to GMOs.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13669870050043116|title=France: broadening precautionary expertise?|journal=Journal of Risk Research|volume=3|issue=3|pages=247–254|date=15 April 2011|access-date=23 October 2021|doi=10.1080/13669870050043116|first1=Alexis|last1=Roy|first2=Pierre-Benoit|last2=Joly|s2cid=144316140 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuntz M | title = The GMO case in France: politics, lawlessness and postmodernism | journal = GM Crops & Food | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 163–9 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 25437234 | pmc = 5033180 | doi = 10.4161/21645698.2014.945882 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=South African Journal of Science|eissn=1996-7489|issn=0038-2353|doi=10.17159/sajs.2015/20130255|last1=W. Jansen van Rijssen|first1=Fredrika|last2=N. Eloff|first2=Jacobus|last3=Jane Morris|first3=E.|title=The precautionary principle: making managerial decisions on GMOs is difficult|year=2015 |volume=111 |issue=3/4 |pages=1–9 |doi-access=free|hdl=2263/45681|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

A review by [[Food Standards Australia New Zealand]] and others of the same study concluded that the results were due to chance alone.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/event/gmo100127-m.pdf | title = EFSA Minutes of the 55th Plenary Meeting of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Mofified Organisms | date = 27–28 January 2010 | location = Parma, Italy | quote = Annex 1, Vendemois et al. 2009, European Food Safety Authority report, | access-date = 27 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Doull J, Gaylor D, Greim HA, Lovell DP, Lynch B, Munro IC | title = Report of an Expert Panel on the reanalysis by of a 90-day study conducted by Monsanto in support of the safety of a genetically modified corn variety (MON 863) | journal = Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume = 45 | issue = 11 | pages = 2073–85 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17900781 | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.033 | quote = The Se´ralini et al. reanalysis does not advance any new scientific data to indicate that MON 863 caused adverse effects in the 90-day rat study. }}</ref>

A 2011 Canadian study looked at the presence of CryAb1 protein (BT toxin) in non-pregnant women, pregnant women and fetal blood. All groups had detectable levels of the protein, including 93% of pregnant women and 80% of fetuses at concentrations of 0.19 ± 0.30 and 0.04 ± 0.04 mean ± SD ng/ml, respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aris A, Leblanc S | title = Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada | journal = Reproductive Toxicology | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 528–33 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21338670 | doi = 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.004 | s2cid = 16144327 }}</ref> The paper did not discuss safety implications or find any health problems. FSANZ agency published a comment pointing out a number of inconsistencies in the paper, most notably that it "does not provide any evidence that GM foods are the source of the protein".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/gmfoods/fsanzresponsetostudy5185.cfm |title=FSANZ response to study linking Cry1Ab protein in blood to GM foods - Food Standards Australia New Zealand |publisher=foodstandards.gov.au |date=27 May 2011 |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103123151/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/gmfoods/fsanzresponsetostudy5185.cfm |archive-date=3 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In January 2013, the [[European Food Safety Authority]] released all data submitted by Monsanto in relation to the 2003 authorisation of maize genetically modified for glyphosate tolerance.<ref>{{cite press release |title=EFSA promotes public access to data in transparency initiative|date=14 January 2013|publisher=European Food Safety Authority|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/130114}}</ref>