Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Geocentric model
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name= "Fraser2006">{{cite book |last= Fraser |first= Craig G. |title= The Cosmos: A Historical Perspective |url= https://archive.org/details/cosmoshistorical00fras |url-access= limited |date= 2006 |page= [https://archive.org/details/cosmoshistorical00fras/page/n26 14]|publisher= Bloomsbury Academic |isbn= 9780313332180 }}</ref> <ref name= "Hetherington2006">{{cite book |last= Hetherington |first= Norriss S. |title= Planetary Motions: A Historical Perspective |url= https://archive.org/details/planetarymotions00heth |url-access= limited |date= 2006 |page= [https://archive.org/details/planetarymotions00heth/page/n44 28]|publisher= Bloomsbury Academic |isbn= 9780313332418 }}</ref> <ref name= "Goldstein1967">{{cite journal |title= The Arabic version of Ptolemy's planetary hypothesis |first= Bernard R. |last= Goldstein |page= 6 |journal= Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |date= 1967 |volume= 57 |issue= pt. 4 |doi= 10.2307/1006040 |jstor= 1006040}}</ref> <ref name= "Rufus1939">{{cite magazine |title= The influence of Islamic astronomy in Europe and the far east |last= Rufus |first= W. C. |magazine= Popular Astronomy |volume= 47 |issue= 5 |date=May 1939 |pages= 233–8|bibcode = 1939PA.....47..233R }}</ref> <ref name= "Hartner1955">{{cite journal |first= Willy |last= Hartner |title= The Mercury horoscope of Marcantonio Michiel of Venice |journal= Vistas in Astronomy |volume= 1 |date= 1955 |issue= 1 |pages= 118–22 |doi=10.1016/0083-6656(55)90016-7|bibcode = 1955VA......1...84H }}</ref> <ref name= "Goldstein1972">{{cite journal |first= Bernard R. |last= Goldstein |date= 1972 |title= Theory and observation in medieval astronomy |journal= Isis |volume= 63 |issue= 1 |page= 41 |doi=10.1086/350839|bibcode= 1972Isis...63...39G |s2cid= 120700705 }}</ref> <ref name= "Gale">{{Cite book |chapter= Ptolemaic Astronomy, Islamic Planetary Theory, and Copernicus's Debt to the Maragha School |title= Science and Its Times |publisher= [[Thomson Gale]] |date= 2006}}</ref> <ref name= "Setia2004">{{Cite journal |title= Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi on physics and the nature of the physical world: A preliminary survey |first= Adi |last= Setia |journal= Islam & Science |volume= 2 |date= 2004|url=https://cis-ca.org/_media/pdf/2004/2/A_faaopatnotpwaps.pdf}}</ref> <ref name= "Saliba1994">{{cite book |last= Saliba |first= George |author-link= George Saliba |date= 1994 |title= A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |pages= 233–234, 240 |publisher= [[New York University Press]] |isbn= 0814780237}}</ref> <ref name= "Dallal1999">{{cite book |first= Ahmad |last= Dallal |date= 1999 |chapter= Science, Medicine and Technology |title= The Oxford History of Islam |url= https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryisl00espo |url-access= limited |page= [https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryisl00espo/page/n183 171] |editor-first= John |editor-last= Esposito |editor-link= John Esposito |location= New York |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 978-0-19-510799-9 }}</ref> <!-- <ref name= "Guessoun2008">{{cite journal |last= Guessoum |first= N. |date=June 2008 |title= Copernicus and Ibn Al-Shatir: Does the Copernican revolution have Islamic roots? |journal= The Observatory |volume= 128 |pages= 231–9|bibcode = 2008Obs...128..231G }}</ref> --> <ref name= "Ragep2001a">{{Cite journal |last= Ragep |first= F. Jamil |date= 2001 |title= Tusi and Copernicus: The Earth's motion in context |journal= Science in Context |volume= 14 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 145–163 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/s0269889701000060|s2cid= 145372613 }}</ref> <ref name= "Ragep2001b">{{Cite journal |last= Ragep |first= F. Jamil |date= 2001 |title= Freeing astronomy from philosophy: An aspect of Islamic influence on science |journal= Osiris |series= 2nd Series |volume= 16 |issue= Science in Theistic Contexts: Cognitive Dimensions |pages= 49–64, 66–71 |doi=10.1086/649338|url= http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=156332 |bibcode= 2001Osir...16...49R |s2cid= 142586786 }}</ref> <ref name="Huff2003">{{cite book |last= Huff |first= Toby E. |title= The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West |date= 2003 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn= 9780521529945 |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=DA3fkX5wQMUC&pg=PA58 58]}}</ref> <ref name="KirmaniSingh2005">{{cite book |last1= Kirmani |first1= M. Zaki |last2= Singh |first2= Nagendra Kr |title= Encyclopaedia of Islamic Science and Scientists: A-H |date= 2005 |publisher= Global Vision | isbn=9788182200586}}</ref> <ref name= "JohansenRosenmeier1998">{{cite book |first1= K. F. |last1=Johansen |first2= H. |last2= Rosenmeier |title= A History of Ancient Philosophy: From the Beginnings to Augustine |url= https://archive.org/details/historyancientph00joha |url-access= limited |date= 1998 |page= [https://archive.org/details/historyancientph00joha/page/n57 43]|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415127387 }}</ref> <ref name= "Sarton1953">{{cite book |first= George |last= Sarton |title= Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece |date= 1953 |page= 290}}</ref> <ref name= "Eastwood1992">{{Cite journal |volume= 23 |pages= 233–260 |last= Eastwood |first= B. S. |title= Heraclides and heliocentrism – Texts diagrams and interpretations |journal= Journal for the History of Astronomy |date= 1992-11-01|issue= 4 |bibcode = 1992JHA....23..233E |doi= 10.1177/002182869202300401 |s2cid= 118643709 }}</ref> <ref name="Lindberg2010">{{cite book |last= Lindberg |first= David C. |title= The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450 |edition= 2nd |date= 2010 |publisher= University of Chicago Press |isbn= 9780226482040 |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=dPUBAkIm2lUC&pg=PA197 197]}}</ref> <ref name= "Russell1945">{{cite book |last= Russell |first= Bertrand |author-link= Bertrand Russell |title= A History of Western Philosophy |orig-year= 1945 |date= 2013 |publisher= Routledge |page= 215 |isbn= 9781134343676|title-link= A History of Western Philosophy }}</ref> <ref name= "Finocchiaro2008">{{cite book |last= Finocchiaro |first= Maurice A. |title= The Essential Galileo |url= https://archive.org/details/essentialgalileo00gali |url-access= limited |location= Indianapolis, IL |publisher= Hackett |date= 2008 |page= [https://archive.org/details/essentialgalileo00gali/page/n59 49]}}</ref> <ref name= "Densmore2004">{{cite book |title= Selections from Newton's Principia |editor-first= Dana |editor-last= Densmore |publisher= Green Lion Press |date= 2004 |page= 12}}</ref> <ref name= "Babinski1995">{{cite web |editor-last= Babinski |editor-first= E. T. |title=Excerpts from Frank Zindler's 'Report from the center of the universe' and 'Turtles all the way down' |url= http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/ce/2/part3.html |publisher= [[TalkOrigins Archive]] |date= 1995 |access-date= 2013-12-01}}</ref> <ref name= "Graebner1902">{{cite journal |title= Science and the church |journal= Theological Quarterly |first= A. L. |last= Graebner |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=cxsRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA37 37–45] |date= 1902 |publisher= Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other states, Concordia Publishing |location= St. Louis, MO |volume= 6}}</ref> <ref name= "Sefton2006">{{cite news |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_1kaAAAAIBAJ&dq=robert-sungenis&pg=6714%2C4991566 |title= In this world view, the sun revolves around the earth |first= Dru |last= Sefton |newspaper= [[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|Times-News]] |location= Hendersonville, NC |date= 2006-03-30 |page= 5A}}</ref> <ref name="Berman2006">{{cite book |last= Berman |first= Morris |author-link= Morris Berman |title= Dark Ages America: The Final Phase of Empire |date= 2006 |publisher= W.W. Norton & Company |isbn= 9780393058666 |url= https://archive.org/details/darkagesamericaf00berm }}</ref> <ref name= "Crabtree1999">{{cite web |url= http://www.gallup.com/poll/3742/new-poll-gauges-americans-general-knowledge-levels.aspx |title= New Poll Gauges Americans' General Knowledge Levels |first= Steve |last= Crabtree |publisher= [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] |date= 1999-07-06}}</ref> <ref name= "MillerBio">{{cite web |url= http://www.cmb.northwestern.edu/faculty/jon_miller.htm |title= Jon D. Miller |work= Northwestern University website |access-date= 2007-07-19}}</ref> <ref name= "Dean2005">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/30/science/30profile.html?ex=1184990400&en=2fb126c3132f89ae&ei=5070 |title=Scientific savvy? In U.S., not much |first= Cornelia |last= Dean |date= 2005-08-30 |newspaper= New York Times |access-date= 2007-07-19}}</ref> <ref name= "RussianStudy2011">{{citation |url= https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=1749 |script-title=ru:'СОЛНЦЕ – СПУТНИК ЗЕМЛИ', ИЛИ РЕЙТИНГ НАУЧНЫХ ЗАБЛУЖДЕНИЙ РОССИЯН |trans-title='Sun-earth', or rating scientific fallacies of Russians |issue= Пресс–выпуск №1684 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Press release no. 1684<nowiki>]</nowiki> |date= 2011-02-08 |language= ru |publisher= ВЦИОМ <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[VTSIOM|All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> |postscript= .}}</ref> <ref name="Finocchiaro1989">{{cite book |title= The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History |first= Maurice A. |last= Finocchiaro |location= Berkeley |publisher= University of California Press |date= 1989 |page= [https://archive.org/details/galileoaffair00uisi/page/307 307] |isbn= 9780520066625}}</ref> <ref name= "Alexandri VII1664">{{cite book |title= Index librorum prohibitorum Alexandri VII |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PSVCAAAAcAAJ |date= 1664 |publisher= Ex typographia Reurendae Camerae Apostolicae |location= Rome |language= la |page= v}}</ref> <ref name="BenedictXV1921">{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xv/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xv_enc_30041921_in-praeclara-summorum_en.html |title=In Praeclara Summorum: Encyclical of Pope Benedict XV on Dante to Professors and Students of Literature and Learning in the Catholic World |date=1921-04-30 |location=Rome |page=§ 4 |no-pp=y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109070054/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xv/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xv_enc_30041921_in-praeclara-summorum_en.html |archive-date=2014-11-09 }}</ref> <ref name="PaulIV19665">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html |title=Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World 'Gaudium Et Spes' Promulgated by His Holiness, Pope Paul IV on December 7, 1965 |page=§ 36 |no-pp=y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411023509/https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html |archive-date=April 11, 2011 }}</ref> <ref name= "John PaulII1992">{{cite journal |title= Faith can never conflict with reason |url= http://www.its.caltech.edu/~nmcenter/sci-cp/sci-9211.html |journal= L'Osservatore Romano |volume= 44 |issue= 1264 |date= 1992-11-04 |author= Pope John Paul II |access-date= 2012-10-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001221/http://www.its.caltech.edu/%7Enmcenter/sci-cp/sci-9211.html |archive-date= 2017-02-02 |url-status= dead }} (Published English translation).</ref> <ref name="Nussbaum2007">{{cite magazine |url= http://www.skeptic.com/the_magazine/featured_articles/v12n03_orthodox_judaism_and_evolution.html |title= Orthodox Jews & science: An empirical study of their attitudes toward evolution, the fossil record, and modern geology |access-date= 2008-12-18 |last= Nussbaum |first= Alexander |date= 2007-12-19 |magazine= Skeptic Magazine}}</ref> <ref name= "Nussbaum2002">{{cite journal |first= Alexander |last= Nussbaum |title= Creationism and geocentrism among Orthodox Jewish scientists |journal= Reports of the National Center for Science Education |date=January–April 2002 |pages= 38–43}}</ref> <ref name="SchneersohnGotfryd2003">{{cite book |last1= Schneersohn |first1= Menachem Mendel |author-link1= Menachem Mendel Schneerson |last2= Gotfryd |first2= Arnie |title= Mind over Matter: The Lubavitcher Rebbe on Science, Technology and Medicine |pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmabnhsgSVAC&pg=PA76 76ff.]; cf. xvi-xvii, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmabnhsgSVAC&pg=PA69 69], [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmabnhsgSVAC&pg=PA100 100–1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmabnhsgSVAC&pg=PA171 171–2], [https://books.google.com/books?id=FmabnhsgSVAC&pg=PA408 408ff.] |date= 2003 |publisher= Shamir |isbn= 9789652930804}}</ref> <ref name= "Mishneh Torah">{{cite book |title= Mishneh Torah |chapter-url= http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/947929/jewish/Chapter-Eleven.htm |chapter= Sefer Zemanim: Kiddush HaChodesh: Chapter 11 |page=Halacha 13–14 |no-pp=y |translator=Touger, Eliyahu |publisher=Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center}}</ref> <ref name= "Rabinowitz1987">{{cite web |url= https://sites.google.com/a/nyu.edu/avi-rabinowitz/science-and-religion/geocentrism--egocentrism-existentialist-despair-and-human-significance |first= Avi |last= Rabinowitz |date= 1987 |title= EgoCentrism and GeoCentrism; Human Significance and Existential Despair; Bible and Science; Fundamentalism and Skepticalism | work= Science & Religion | access-date=2013-12-01}} Published in {{cite book |editor1-last= Branover |editor1-first= Herman |editor2-last=Attia |editor2-first= Ilana Coven |title= Science in the Light of Torah: A B'Or Ha'Torah Reader |date= 1994 |publisher= Jason Aronson |isbn=9781568210346}}</ref> <ref name= "Hort1822">{{cite book |first= William Jillard |last= Hort |title= A General View of the Sciences and Arts |url= https://archive.org/details/ageneralviewsci01hortgoog |date= 1822 |page= [https://archive.org/details/ageneralviewsci01hortgoog/page/n196 182]}}</ref> <ref name="NSF2014">{{cite news| last=Neuman | first=Scott | date=February 14, 2014 | title = 1 In 4 Americans Thinks The Sun Goes Around The Earth, Survey Says | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/02/14/277058739/1-in-4-americans-think-the-sun-goes-around-the-earth-survey-says| work=National Public Radio | access-date=May 24, 2020}}</ref> }}
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)