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=== Climate === {{Further|Climate of Greece}} [[File:Greece Köppen.svg|thumb|Greece's Köppen Climate Types]] The [[climate of Greece]] is primarily [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''),<ref>{{cite web |title=The Climate of Greece |url=http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology |website=Hellenic National Meteorological Service |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203232232/http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology |url-status=live }}</ref> featuring mild to cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers.<ref name="Climate Atlas of Greece (Hellenic National Meteorological Service)">{{cite web|title=Climate Atlas of Greece|url=http://www.hnms.gr:80/hnms/greek/pdf/Climate_Atlas_Of_Greece.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921184739/http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/pdf/Climate_Atlas_Of_Greece.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2017|access-date=30 December 2019|publisher=Hellenic National Meteorological Service}}</ref> This climate occurs at most of the coastal locations, including [[Athens]], the [[Cyclades]], the [[Dodecanese]], [[Crete]], the [[Peloponnese]], the [[Ionian Islands]], and parts of [[mainland Greece]]. The [[Pindus]] mountain range strongly affects the climate of the country, as areas to the west of the range are considerably wetter on average (due to greater exposure to south-westerly systems bringing in moisture) than the areas lying to the east of the range (due to a [[rain shadow]] effect),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mountain Weather in Greece : Articles : SummitPost |url=https://www.summitpost.org/mountain-weather-in-greece/1002640 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=www.summitpost.org |archive-date=13 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613210103/https://www.summitpost.org/mountain-weather-in-greece/1002640 |url-status=live }}</ref> resulting to some coastal areas in the south falling to the hot [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh'') category, such as parts of the [[Athens Riviera]] and some of the [[Cyclades]], as well as some areas in the north featuring a cold equivalent climate ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk''), such as the cities of [[Thessaloniki]] and [[Larissa]]. The mountainous areas and the higher elevations of northwestern Greece (parts of [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Thessaly]], [[Western Macedonia]]) as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of [[Achaea]], [[Arcadia (regional unit)|Arcadia]], and [[Laconia]] – feature an [[Alpine climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''D'', ''E'') with heavy snowfalls during the winter. Most of the inland parts of northern Greece, in [[Central Macedonia]], the lower elevations of [[Western Macedonia]] and [[Eastern Macedonia and Thrace]] feature a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'') with cold, damp winters and hot, moderately dry summers with occasional thunderstorms. Snowfalls occur every year in the mountains and northern areas, and brief periods of snowy weather are possible even in low-lying southern areas, such as [[Athens]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Greece – Climate|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Greece|access-date=21 June 2020|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022045313/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244154/Greece/26389/Results-of-the-Fourth-Crusade/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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