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Horner's method
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== References == {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal | last = Berggren | first = J. L. | year = 1990 | title = Innovation and Tradition in Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi's Muadalat | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 110 | issue = 2 | pages = 304β309 | doi = 10.2307/604533 | jstor = 604533 }} *{{cite journal | last = Cajori | first = Florian | author-link = Florian Cajori | title = Horner's method of approximation anticipated by Ruffini | journal = Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume = 17 | number = 8 | pages = 409β414 | year = 1911 | url = http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.bams/1183421253 | doi = 10.1090/s0002-9904-1911-02072-9 | doi-access = free | access-date = 2012-03-04 | archive-date = 2017-09-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152220/http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.bams%2F1183421253 | url-status = live }} Read before the Southwestern Section of the American Mathematical Society on November 26, 1910. *{{cite journal | last1 = Cormen | first1 = Thomas H. | author1-link = Thomas H. Cormen | last2 = Leiserson | first2 = Charles E. | author2-link = Charles E. Leiserson | last3 = Rivest | first3 = Ronald L. | author3-link = Ron Rivest | last4 = Stein10.1016/0315-0860(81)90069-0 | first4 = Clifford | author4-link = Clifford Stein | title = Introduction to Algorithms | journal = Historia Mathematica | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 277β318 | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | publisher = MIT Press | doi = 10.1016/0315-0860(81)90069-0 | doi-access = free }} *{{cite report | last1 = Fateman | first1 = R. J. | author-link1 = Richard Fateman | last2 = Kahan | first2 = W. | author-link2 = William Kahan | title = Improving exact integrals from symbolic algebra systems | series = PAM | number = 386 | year = 2000 | institution = Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics | location = University of California, Berkeley | url = https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~fateman/papers/nform.pdf | access-date = 2018-05-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814190521/https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~fateman/papers/nform.pdf | archive-date = 2017-08-14 | url-status = dead }} *{{cite journal | last = Fuller | first = A. T. | title = Horner versus Holdred: An Episode in the History of Root Computation | journal = Historia Mathematica | volume = 26 | year = 1999 | doi = 10.1006/hmat.1998.2214 | pages=29β51 | doi-access = free }} *{{cite book | last = Higham | first = Nicholas | year = 2002 | title = Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms | publisher = SIAM | isbn = 978-0-89871-521-7 }} *{{cite book | last = Holdred | first = T. | year = 1820 | url = http://turing.une.edu.au/~ernie/Horner/Holdred1820.pdf | title = A New Method of Solving Equations with Ease and Expedition; by which the True Value of the Unknown Quantity is Found Without Previous Reduction. With a Supplement, Containing Two Other Methods of Solving Equations, Derived from the Same Principle | publisher = Richard Watts | access-date = 2012-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040238/http://turing.une.edu.au/~ernie/Horner/Holdred1820.pdf | archive-date = 2014-01-06 | url-status = dead }} *: Holdred's method is in the supplement following page numbered 45 (which is the 52nd page of the pdf version). *{{cite journal|last = Horner|first = William George|author-link = William George Horner|date = July 1819|title = A new method of solving numerical equations of all orders, by continuous approximation|journal = Philosophical Transactions|publisher = Royal Society of London|volume = 109|pages = 308β335|jstor = 107508|doi = 10.1098/rstl.1819.0023|s2cid = 186210512|doi-access = }} *: Directly available online via the link, but also reprinted with appraisal in D.E. Smith: ''A Source Book in Mathematics'', McGraw-Hill, 1929; Dover reprint, 2 vols, 1959. *{{cite book | last = Knuth | first = Donald | author-link = Donald Knuth | title = The Art of Computer Programming | volume = 2: Seminumerical Algorithms | edition = 3rd | year = 1997 | publisher = Addison-Wesley | isbn = 978-0-201-89684-8 | pages = 486β488 in section 4.6.4 }} *{{cite book | last = Kress | first = Rainer | title = Numerical Analysis | publisher = Springer | year = 1991 }} *{{cite journal | last = Kripasagar | first = Venkat | title = Efficient Micro Mathematics – Multiplication and Division Techniques for MCUs | journal = Circuit Cellar Magazine | issue = 212 | date = March 2008 }} *{{cite book | last = Libbrecht | first = Ulrich | title = Chinese Mathematics in the Thirteenth Century | chapter = Chapter 13 | edition = 2nd | year = 2005 | publisher = Dover | isbn = 978-0-486-44619-6 | chapter-url = http://store.doverpublications.com/0486446190.html | access-date = 2016-08-23 | archive-date = 2017-06-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170606084226/http://store.doverpublications.com/0486446190.html | url-status = dead }} *{{cite book | last = Mikami | first = Yoshio | title = The Development of Mathematics in China and Japan | chapter = Chapter 11. Ch'in Chiu-Shao | edition = 1st | year = 1913 | publisher = Chelsea Publishing Co reprint | pages = 74β77 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseindynami033561mbp#page/n89/mode/2up }} <!-- Yes, really! It looks as though the link is taking you to a completely different work, but you end up at Mikami's book, as you find on checking the specified pages. --> *{{cite book | last = Ostrowski | first = Alexander M. | year = 1954 | chapter = On two problems in abstract algebra connected with Horner's rule | title = Studies in Mathematics and Mechanics presented to Richard von Mises | pages = 40β48 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 978-1-4832-3272-0 | chapter-url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781483232720 | access-date = 2016-08-23 | archive-date = 2019-04-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190415045523/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781483232720 | url-status = live }} *{{cite journal | last = Pan | first = Y. Ja | year = 1966 | title = On means of calculating values of polynomials | journal = Russian Math. Surveys | volume = 21 | pages = 105β136 | doi = 10.1070/rm1966v021n01abeh004147 | s2cid = 250869179 }} *{{cite journal | last = Pankiewicz | first = W. | title = Algorithm 337: calculation of a polynomial and its derivative values by Horner scheme | journal = [[Communications of the ACM]] | volume = 11 | issue = 9 | year = 1968 | page = 633 | publisher = ACM | doi=10.1145/364063.364089 | s2cid = 52859619 | doi-access = free }} *{{cite book | last = Spiegel | first = Murray R. | title = Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of College Algebra | url = https://archive.org/details/schaumsoutlineof00murr | url-access = registration | year = 1956 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | isbn = 9780070602267 }} *{{cite book | last = Temple | first = Robert | year = 1986 | title = The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention | publisher = Simon and Schuster | isbn = 978-0-671-62028-8 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E.T. | author1-link = E. T. Whittaker | last2 = Robinson | first2 = G. | title = The Calculus of Observations | location = London | year = 1924 | publisher = Blackie | url = https://archive.org/stream/calculusofobserv031400mbp#page/n119/mode/2up/search/100 }} * {{cite book | last = Wylie | first = Alexander | title = Chinese Researches | chapter = Jottings on the Science of Chinese Arithmetic | year = 1897 | pages = 159β194 | location = Shanghai | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/chineseresearche00wyliuoft }} *: Reprinted from issues of ''The North China Herald'' (1852). {{refend}}
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