Editing Interior design (section)

==Styles==

===Art Deco===
[[File:Eastern Columbia Building entrance.jpg|thumb | upright | right | [[Terracotta]] [[Art Deco]] [[Sunburst|sunburst design]] above front doors of the [[Eastern Columbia Building]] in Los Angeles; built 1930]]
The [[Art Deco]] style began in Europe in the early years of the 20th century, with the waning of [[Art Nouveau]]. The term "Art Deco" was taken from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, a world's fair held in Paris in 1925.<ref name="autogenerated2002">Tinniswood, Adrian. The Art Deco House: Avant-Garde House of the 1920s and 1930s. Watsonguptill publishing company. New York. 2002</ref> Art Deco rejected many traditional classical influences in favour of more streamlined geometric forms and metallic color. The Art Deco style influenced all areas of design, especially interior design, because it was the first style of interior decoration to spotlight new technologies and materials.<ref name="autogenerated1990">Striner, Richard. "Art Deco: Polemics and Synthesis". WInterthur portfolio, Vol 25. No. 1 spring, 1990. PP. 26–34.</ref>

Art Deco style is mainly based on geometric shapes, streamlining, and clean lines.<ref name="autogenerated1996">Beusterien, John. Rodriguez, EduardoLuis. Narciso G. The Architectural Avant-Garde: From Art Deco to Modern Regionalism. The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, Vol. 22, Cuba Theme Issue (1996), PP. 254–277</ref><ref name="autogenerated3">Stanley, Meisler. ’Art Deco: High Style. Smithsonian’, Nov 2004, Vol. 35 Issue 8, PP 57–60</ref> The style offered a sharp, cool look of mechanized living utterly at odds with anything that came before.<ref name="autogenerated4">Bayer, Patricia, Art Deco Interiors: Decoration and Design Classics of the 1920s and 1930s, Thames & Hudson, London 1990</ref>

Art Deco rejected traditional materials of decoration and interior design, opting instead to use more unusual materials such as [[chrome plating|chrome]], [[glass]], [[stainless steel]], shiny fabrics, [[mirror]]s, [[aluminium]], [[lacquer]], [[inlay|inlaid wood]], [[sharkskin]], and zebra skin.<ref name="autogenerated1990"/> The use of harder, metallic materials was chosen to celebrate the machine age. These materials reflected the dawning modern age that was ushered in after the end of the [[First World War]]. The innovative combinations of these materials created contrasts that were very popular at the time – for example the mixing together of highly polished wood and black lacquer with satin and furs.<ref>Yang, Jian. "Art Deco 1910–39". Craft Arts International, 2003, Issue 59, PP. 84–87.</ref> The barber shop in the Austin Reed store in London was designed by P. J. Westwood. It was soon regarded as the trendiest barber shop in Britain due to its use of metallic materials.<ref name="autogenerated4"/>

The color themes of Art Deco consisted of metallic color, neutral color, bright color, and black and white. In interior design, cool metallic colors including silver, gold, metallic blue, charcoal grey, and platinum tended to predominate.<ref name="autogenerated1996"/><ref>Tinniswood, Adrian. ‘The Art Deco House: Avant-Garde House of the 1920s and 1930s’. Watsonguptill publishing company. New York. 2002</ref> [[Serge Chermayeff]], a Russian-born British designer made extensive use of cool metallic colors and luxurious surfaces in his room schemes. His 1930 showroom design for a British dressmaking firm had a silver-grey background and black mirrored-glass wall panels.<ref name="autogenerated4"/><ref>Striner, Richard. ‘Art Deco: Polemics and Synthesis’. WInterthur portfolio, Vol 25. No. 1 ( spring, 1990). PP. 26–34.</ref>

Black and white was also a very popular color scheme during the 1920s and 1930s. Black and white checkerboard tiles, floors and wallpapers were very trendy at the time.<ref>Yang, Jian. ‘Art Deco 1910–39’. Craft Arts International, 2003, Issue 59, PP. 84–87.</ref> As the style developed, bright vibrant colors became popular as well.<ref>Rossi, David. ‘Art Deco Renaissance’. Silvester-Carr, Denise. History Today, Jul, Vol. 49. Issue 7. PP.4–6</ref>

Art Deco furnishings and lighting fixtures had a glossy, luxurious appearance with the use of inlaid wood and reflective finishes. The furniture pieces often had curved edges, geometric shapes, and clean lines.<ref name="autogenerated2002"/><ref name="autogenerated4"/> Art Deco lighting fixtures tended to make use of stacked geometric patterns.<ref>Duncan, Alastair. "Art Deco Lighting". The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts. Vol. 1 (spring. 1986). PP. 20–31</ref>

=== Modern art ===
Modern design grew out of the decorative arts, mostly from the [[Art Deco]], in the early 20th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title = About Modern Interior Design |url=http://homeguides.sfgate.com/modern-interior-design-8659.html# |website = Home Guides {{!}} SF Gate |date=2010-08-08 |access-date = 2015-12-10}}</ref> One of the first to introduce this [[Modernism|modernist]] style was [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], who had not become hugely popularized until completing the house called [[Fallingwater]] in the 1930s. [[Modern art]] reached its peak during the 1950s and '60s, which is why designers and decorators today may refer to modern design as being "[[Mid-century modern|mid-century]]".<ref name=":0"/> Modern art does not refer to the era or age of design and is not the same as contemporary design, a term used by interior designers for a shifting group of recent styles and trends.<ref name=":0" />

===Arab materials===
"Majlis painting", also called [[nagash painting]], is the decoration of the [[majlis]], or front parlor of traditional Arabic homes, in the [[Asir]] province of [[Saudi Arabia]] and adjoining parts of [[Yemen]]. These wall paintings, an [[Arabesque (Islamic art)|arabesque]] form of [[mural]] or [[fresco]], show various geometric designs in bright colors: "Called 'nagash' in Arabic, the wall paintings were a mark of pride for a woman in her house."<ref name="Yunis, Alia, The Majlis Painters,">{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201304/the.majlis.painters.htm |last1=Yunis |first1=Alia |title=The Majlis Painters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830013234/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201304/the.majlis.painters.htm |archive-date=2013-08-30 |website=Saudi Aramco World Magazine |date=2013 }}</ref>

The geometric designs and heavy lines seem to be adapted from the area's textile and weaving patterns. "In contrast with the sobriety of architecture and decoration in the rest of Arabia, exuberant color and ornamentation characterize those of Asir. The painting extends into the house over the walls and doors, up the staircases, and onto the furniture itself. When a house is being painted, women from the community help each other finish the job. The building then displays their shared taste and knowledge. Mothers pass these on to their daughters. This artwork is based on a [[geometry]] of straight lines and suggests the patterns common to textile [[weaving]], with solid bands of different colors. Certain motifs reappear, such as the triangular [[mihrab]] or 'niche' and the [[palmette]]. In the past, paint was produced from mineral and vegetable [[pigment]]s. [[Clove]]s and [[alfalfa]] yielded green. Blue came from the [[indigo]] plant. Red came from [[pomegranate]]s and a certain mud. [[Paintbrush]]es were created from the tough hair found in a goat's tail. Today, however, women use modern manufactured paint to create new looks, which have become an indicator of social and economic change."<ref>Maha Al Faisal and Khalid Azzam. 1999. "Doors of the Kingdom" Saudi Aramco World. This article appeared on pages 68–77 of the January/February 1999 print edition of Saudi Aramco World# http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199901/doors.of.the.kingdom.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191514/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199901/doors.of.the.kingdom.htm |date=2014-01-02 }}</ref>

Women in the Asir province often complete the decoration and painting of the house interior. "You could tell a family's wealth by the paintings," [[Um Abdullah]] says: "If they didn't have much money, the wife could only paint the motholath, the basic straight, simple lines, in patterns of three to six repetitions in red, green, yellow and brown." When women did not want to paint the walls themselves, they could [[barter]] with other women who would do the work. Several Saudi women have become famous as majlis painters, such as [[Fatima Abou Gahas]].<ref name="Yunis, Alia, The Majlis Painters,"/>

The interior walls of the home are brightly painted by the women, who work in defined patterns with lines, triangles, squares, diagonals and tree-like patterns. "Some of the large triangles represent mountains. Zigzag lines stand for water and also for lightning. Small triangles, especially when the widest area is at the top, are found in pre-Islamic representations of female figures. That the small triangles found in the wall paintings in 'Asir are called banat may be a cultural remnant of a long-forgotten past."<ref name="Yunis, Alia, The Majlis Painters,"/>

"[[Courtyard]]s and upper pillared [[porticoes]] are principal features of the best Nadjdi architecture, in addition to the fine incised plaster wood ([[jiss]]) and painted window shutters, which decorate the reception rooms. Good examples of plasterwork can often be seen in the gaping ruins of torn-down buildings- the effect is light, delicate and airy. It is usually around the [[majlis]], around the coffee hearth and along the walls above where guests sat on rugs, against cushions. Doughty wondered if this "[[parquet]]ting of jis", this "[[gypsum]] fretwork... all adorning and unenclosed" originated from [[India]]. However, the Najd fretwork seems very different from that seen in the Eastern Province and [[Oman]], which are linked to Indian traditions, and rather resembles the [[Motif (visual arts)|motif]]s and patterns found in ancient [[Mesopotamia]]. The rosette, the star, the triangle and the stepped pinnacle pattern of dadoes are all ancient patterns, and can be found all over the [[Middle East]] of antiquity. [[Al-Qassim Province]] seems to be the home of this art, and there it is normally worked in hard white [[plaster]] (though what you see is usually begrimed by the smoke of the coffee hearth). In [[Riyadh]], examples can be seen in unadorned [[clay]].<ref>Mostyn, Trevor. 1983. Saudi Arabia. London: Middle East Economic Digest. Pages 257–258.</ref>

=== Sustainable Design ===
Sustainable Design is becoming more important today. This type of style includes eco-friendly, energy efficient, and sustainable design while keeping the space functional. Modern design prioritizes energy efficient design styles and eco-friendly design styles.