Editing Internet access (section)

====Fiber to the home====
[[Fiber to the x|Fiber-to-the-home]] (FTTH) is one member of the Fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) family that includes Fiber-to-the-building or basement (FTTB), Fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP), Fiber-to-the-desk (FTTD), Fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), and Fiber-to-the-node (FTTN).<ref name="council">{{cite web |title= FTTH Council – Definition of Terms |date= January 9, 2009 |url= http://ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Reports/FTTH-Definitions-Revision_January_2009.pdf |publisher= FTTH Council |access-date= September 1, 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> These methods all bring data closer to the end user on optical fibers. The differences between the methods have mostly to do with just how close to the end user the delivery on fiber comes. All of these delivery methods are similar in function and architecture to [[hybrid fiber-coaxial]] (HFC) systems used to provide cable Internet access. Fiber internet connections to customers are either AON ([[Active optical network]]) or more commonly PON ([[Passive optical network]]). Examples of fiber optic internet access standards are [[G.984]] (GPON, G-PON) and [[10G-PON]] (XG-PON). ISPs may instead use [[Metro Ethernet]] as a replacement for T1 and Frame Relay lines<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKWfuGGSmXMC&dq=metro+ethernet&pg=PA336 | title=Top-down Network Design | isbn=978-1-58705-152-4 | last1=Oppenheimer | first1=Priscilla | date=2004 | publisher=Cisco Press }}</ref> for corporate and institutional customers,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1pBUCDWA5oC&dq=metro+ethernet&pg=PA35 | title=Computerworld | date=20 January 2003 }}</ref> or offer carrier-grade Ethernet.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCCMBgAAQBAJ&dq=metro+ethernet&pg=PA135 | title=Cable Networks, Services, and Management | isbn=978-1-118-83759-7 | last1=Toy | first1=Mehmet | date=2 February 2015 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref> Dedicated internet access (DIA) in which the bandwidth is not shared among customers, can be offered over PON fiber optic networks.<ref>https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2025/05/its-technology-claims-first-live-uk-biz-customer-trial-of-50gbps-pon.html</ref>

The use of [[Fiber-optic communication|optical fiber]] offers much higher data rates over relatively longer distances. Most high-capacity Internet and cable television backbones already use fiber optic technology, with data switched to other technologies (DSL, cable, LTE) for final delivery to customers.<ref>[http://www.fiopt.com/primer.php "FTTx Primer"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011033903/http://www.fiopt.com/primer.php |date=2008-10-11 }}, Fiopt Communication Services (Calgary), July 2008</ref> Fiber optic is immune to electromagnetic interference.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B810SYIAa4IC&dq=fiber+optic+advantages&pg=PA6 | isbn=978-0-07-137842-0 | title=Fiber Optic Installer's Field Manual | date=13 July 2000 | publisher=McGraw Hill Professional }}</ref>

In 2010, Australia began rolling out its [[National Broadband Network]] across the country using fiber-optic cables to 93 percent of Australian homes, schools, and businesses.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-08-12/big-gig-nbn-to-be-10-times-faster/941408 "Big gig: NBN to be 10 times faster"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429192147/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-08-12/big-gig-nbn-to-be-10-times-faster/941408 |date=2012-04-29 }}, Emma Rodgers, ''ABC News'', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 12 August 2010</ref> The project was abandoned by the subsequent LNP government, in favor of a hybrid FTTN design, which turned out to be more expensive and introduced delays. Similar efforts are underway in Italy, Canada, India, and many other countries (see Fiber to the premises by country).<ref>[http://www.telecomseurope.net/content/italy-gets-fiber-back-track "Italy gets fiber back on track"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322205235/http://www.telecomseurope.net/content/italy-gets-fiber-back-track |date=2012-03-22 }}, Michael Carroll, TelecomsEMEA.net, 20 September 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.freevoipcallsolution.com/2010/08/pirelli-broadband-solutions-technology.html "Pirelli Broadband Solutions, the technology partner of fastweb network Ngan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328111850/http://www.freevoipcallsolution.com/2010/08/pirelli-broadband-solutions-technology.html |date=2012-03-28 }}, 2 August 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.fiercetelecom.com/story/telecom-italia-rolls-out-100-mbps-ftth-services-catania/2010-11-03 "Telecom Italia rolls out 100 Mbps FTTH services in Catania"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231123152/http://www.fiercetelecom.com/story/telecom-italia-rolls-out-100-mbps-ftth-services-catania/2010-11-03 |date=2010-12-31 }}, Sean Buckley, FierceTelecom, 3 November 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.sasktel.com/about-us/news/2011-news-releases/sasktel-announces-2011-network-investment-and-fiber-to-the-premises.html "SaskTel Announces 2011 Network Investment and Fiber to the Premises Program"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120911184530/http://www.sasktel.com/about-us/news/2011-news-releases/sasktel-announces-2011-network-investment-and-fiber-to-the-premises.html |date=2012-09-11 }}, SaskTel, Saskatchewan Telecommunications Holding Corporation, 5 April 2011</ref>