Editing July Monarchy (section)

==== April 1834 insurrections ====
The ministerial change coincided with the return of violent unrest in various cities of France. At the end of February 1834, a new law that subjected the activities of [[town crier]]s to public authorization led to several days of confrontations with the police. Furthermore, the 10 April 1834 law, primarily aimed against the Republican [[Society of the Rights of Man]] ({{lang|fr| Société des Droits de l'Homme}}), envisioned a crack-down on non-authorized associations. On 9 April 1834, when the Chamber of Peers was to vote on the law, the Second [[Canut Revolt]] exploded in Lyon. The Minister of the Interior, {{lang|fr|Adolphe Thiers|italic=no}}, decided to abandon the city to the insurgents, taking it back on 13 April with casualties of 100 to 200 dead on both sides.

[[File:Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril 1834.tif|thumb|right|300px|The massacre of the {{lang|fr|rue Transnonain|italic=no}}, Paris, on 14 April 1834, depicted by the caricaturist {{lang|fr|[[Honoré Daumier]]|italic=no}}]]
The Republicans attempted to spread the insurrection to other cities, but failed in {{lang|fr|[[Marseille]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[Poitiers]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|[[Châlons-sur-Marne]]|italic= no}}. More serious Republican threats developed in {{lang|fr|[[Grenoble]]|italic=no}} and especially in {{lang|fr|[[Saint-Étienne]]|italic=no}} on 11 April, but finally public order was restored. The greater danger to the regime was, as often, in Paris. Expecting trouble, {{lang|fr|Thiers|italic=no}} had concentrated 40,000 men there, who were visited by the king on 10 April. Furthermore, {{lang|fr|Thiers|italic=no}} had made [[preventive detention| "preventive arrests"]] of 150 principal [[leader]]s of the Society of the Rights of Man and outlawed its mouthpiece, {{lang|fr|[[La Tribune des départements]]|italic=yes}}. Despite these measures, barricades were set up in the evening of 13 April 1834, leading to harsh repression, including a massacre of all the inhabitants (men, women, children and old people) of a house from where a shot had been fired.  This incident was immortalized in a lithograph by {{lang|fr|[[Honoré Daumier]]|italic=no}}.

To express their support for the monarchy, both Chambers gathered in the [[Palace of the Tuileries]] on 14 April. In a gesture of appeasement, {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} canceled his feast-day celebration on 1 May, and publicly announced that the sums that were to have been used for these festivities would be dedicated to the orphans, widows and injured. In the same time, he ordered Marshal {{lang|fr|Soult|italic=no}} to publicize these events widely across France (the provinces being more conservative than Paris), to convince them of the "necessary increase in the Army".<ref>{{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} to {{lang|fr|Soult|italic=no}}, 17 April 1834, quoted by {{harvnb|Antonetti|2002|p=723}}</ref>

More than 2,000 arrests were made following the riots, in particular in Paris and Lyon. The cases were referred to the Chamber of Peers, which, in accordance with art. 28 of the Charter of 1830, dealt with cases of conspiracy against state security ({{langx|fr|attentat contre la sûreté de l'État}}). The Republican movement was decapitated, so much that even the funeral of {{lang|fr|La Fayette|italic=no}} (died 20 May 1834), passed with little incident. As early as 13 May the Chamber of Deputies voted a credit of 14&nbsp;million in order to increase the army to 360,000 men. Two days later, they also adopted a very repressive law on detention and use of military weapons.