Editing Living fossil (section)

===Animals===
[[File:Wild shortbeak echidna.jpg|thumb|[[Echidna]]s are one of few mammals to lay eggs.]] 
;Vertebrates:
[[File:Hoatzins in Ecuador.jpg|thumb|[[Hoatzin]] hatch with two visible claws on their wings, but the claws fall out once the birds reach maturity.]] 
[[File:Crocodylus acutus jalisco mexico.jpg|thumb|[[Crocodilia]]ns survived the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|K–Pg extinction event]] that killed off the non-avian dinosaurs.]]
[[File:Tuatara.jpg|thumb|[[Tuatara]] are reptiles, yet retain more primitive characteristics than lizards and snakes.]]
[[File:Mitsukurina owstoni, Pengo.jpg|thumb|The [[goblin shark]] is the only [[Extant taxon|extant]] representative of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Mitsukurinidae]], a lineage some 125&nbsp;million years old ([[early Cretaceous]]).]]
* '''Mammals'''
** [[Aardvark]] (''Orycteropus afer'')
** [[Amami rabbit]] (''Pentalagus furnessi'')<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Robinson, T. |author2=Yang, F. |author3=Harrison, W. |year=2002 |title=Chromosome painting refines the history of genome evolution in hares and rabbits (order Lagomorpha) |pmid=12438803 |journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research |pages=223–227 |volume=96 |issue=1–4 |doi=10.1159/000063034|s2cid=19327437 }}</ref>
**[[Nesolagus]] (''Asian striped rabbits'')
** [[Chevrotain]] (''Tragulidae'')<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Eldridge|editor-first1=Niles|editor-last2=Stanley|editor-first2=Steven M.|year=1984|title=Living Fossils|chapter=Tragulids as Living Fossils|series=Casebooks in Earth Sciences|pages=87–94|doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-8271-3_9|isbn=978-1-4613-8273-7 }}</ref>
** [[Chousingha]] (''Tetracerus quadricornis'')
** [[Elephant shrew]] (Macroscelidea)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tabuce |first=Rodolphe |date=2017-03-23 |title=3D model related to the publication: New remains of Chambius kasserinensis from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria) |url=http://morphomuseum.com/articles/view/37 |journal=MorphoMuseuM |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=e1 |doi=10.18563/m3.3.2.e1|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
** [[Giant panda]] (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'')
** [[Baiji]] (''Lipotes vexillifer) (One living species)''
** [[Ganges river dolphin]] (''Platanista gangetica)''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Braulik |first1=Gill |last2=Atkore |first2=Vidyadhar |last3=Shahnawaz Khan |first3=Mohammad |last4=Malla |first4=Sabita |date=July 2021 |title=Review of Scientific Knowledge of the Ganges river dolphin |url=https://riverdolphins.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Ganges-River-dolphin-Scientific-Knowledge-Review-July2021.pdf |journal=World Wildlife Fund |pages=5}}</ref>
** [[Indus river dolphin]] (''Platanista minor''')'''''<ref name=":1" />
** [[Hawaiian monk seal]] (''Neomonachus schauinslandi'')
** [[Koala]] (''Phascolarctos cinereus'')
** [[Laotian rock rat]] (''Laonastes aenigmamus'')<ref name=":2" />
** [[Monito del monte]] (''Dromiciops gliroides'')
** [[Monotreme]]s (the [[platypus]] and [[echidna]])
** [[Mountain beaver]] (''Aplodontia rufa'')
** [[Okapi]] (''Okapia johnstoni'')
** [[Opossum]]s (''Didelphidae'')
** [[Clouded leopard]] (''Neofelis nebulousa'')
** [[Bush dog]] (''Speothos venaticus'')
** [[Maned wolf]] (''Chrysocyon brachyurus'')
** [[Red panda]] (''Ailurus fulgens'')<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/red-panda |title=Red panda |date=2016-04-22 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |department=National Zoo |place=Washington, DC |access-date=2017-05-04 |language=en |quote=Red pandas are considered by many to be living fossils. They have no close living relatives, and their nearest fossil ancestors, [[Parailurus]], lived 3–4&nbsp;million years ago.}}</ref>
** [[Solenodon]] (''[[Cuban solenodon|Solenodon cubanus]]'' and ''[[Hispaniolan solenodon|Solenodon paradoxus]]'')
** [[Shrew opossum]] (''Caenolestidae'')
** [[Spectacled bear]] (''Tremarctos ornatus'')
** [[False killer whale]] (''Pseudorca crassidens'')
** [[Pygmy right whale]] (''Caperea marginata'')<ref name=Fordyce2013>{{cite journal |last1=Fordyce |first1=R.E. |last2=Marx |first2=F.G. |title=The pygmy right whale ''Caperea marginata'': The last of the cetotheres |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society&nbsp;B: Biological Sciences |year=2013 |volume=280 |issue=1753 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.2645 |pmid=23256199 |pmc=3574355}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/1219/Extinct-whale-found-Odd-looking-pygmy-whale-traced-back-2-million-years |title='Extinct' whale found: Odd-looking pygmy whale traced back 2&nbsp;million years |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=April 23, 2012 |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref>
**[[Pacarana]] (''Dinomys branickii'')
** [[Rhinoceroses]] (Rhinocerotidae)<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=West|editor-first1=Gary|editor-last2=Heard|editor-first2=Darryl|editor-last3=Caulkett|editor-first3=Nigel|last1=Radcliffe|first1=Robin W.|last2=Morkel|first2=Peter vdB.|year=2014|title=Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia|chapter=Chapter 54: Rhinoceroses|edition=2nd|doi=10.1002/9781118792919.ch54}}</ref>
** [[Tapirs]] (Tapiridae)<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Eldridge|editor-first1=Niles|editor-last2=Stanley|editor-first2=Steven M.|last=Janis |first=Christine M.|year=1984|title=Living Fossils|chapter=Tapirs as Living Fossils|series=Casebooks in Earth Sciences|pages=80–86 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4613-8271-3_8|isbn=978-1-4613-8273-7}}</ref>
* '''Birds'''
** [[Pelican]]s (''Pelecanus'') – [[Morphology (biology)|form]] has been virtually unchanged since the [[Eocene]], and is noted to have been even more conserved across the Cenozoic than that of crocodiles.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Switek |first=Brian |url=https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/03/repost-the-pelicans-beak-success-and-evolutionary-stasis/ |title=The pelican's beak: Success and evolutionary stasis |type=repost |series=Wired Science |magazine=Wired |volume=152 |pages=15–20 |doi=10.1007/s10336-010-0537-5 |date=2011-03-21 |access-date=2013-06-10}}</ref>
** [[Acanthisittidae]] (New Zealand "wrens") – 2&nbsp;living species, a few more recently [[extinct]]. Distinct lineage of [[Passeriformes]].
** [[Broad-billed sapayoa]] (''Sapayoa aenigma'') – One living species. Distinct lineage of [[Tyranni]].
** [[Bearded reedling]] (''Panurus biarmicus'') – One living species. Distinct lineage of [[Passerida]] or [[Sylvioidea]].
**[[Picathartes]] (rockfowls)
** [[Coliiformes]] (mousebirds) – 6&nbsp;living species in 2&nbsp;genera. Distinct lineage of [[Neoaves]].
** [[Hoatzin]] (''Ophisthocomus hoazin'') – One living species. Distinct lineage of [[Neoaves]].
** [[Magpie goose]] (''Anseranas semipalmata'') – One living species. Distinct lineage of [[Anseriformes]].
** [[Sandhill crane]] (''Antigone canadensis'') – Oldest living species.
** [[Seriema]] (''Cariamidae'') – 2&nbsp;living species. Distinct lineage of [[Cariamae]].
** [[Tinamiformes]] (tinamous) 50&nbsp;living species. Distinct lineage of [[Palaeognathae]].
* '''Reptiles'''
** [[Crocodilia]] ([[crocodile]]s, [[gavial]]s, [[caiman]]s and [[alligator]]s)
** [[Pig-nosed turtle]] (''Carettochelys insculpta'')
**[[Hickatee]] (''Dermatemys mawii'')
** [[Snapping turtle]] (''[[Chelydridae]]'') family
** [[Tuatara]] (''[[Sphenodon punctatus]]'' and ''[[Sphenodon guntheri]]'')<ref name="Herrera-Flores 2017"/>
**[[Asian forest tortoise]] (''[[Manouria emys]]'')
**[[Impressed tortoise]] (''[[Manouria impressa]]'')
**[[Xenopeltis|Sunbeam snake]] (''[[Xenopeltis hainanensis]]'' and ''[[Xenopeltis unicolor]]'')
**[[Leatherback sea turtle]] (''Dermochelys coriacea'')
* '''Amphibians'''
** [[Giant salamanders]] (''[[Cryptobranchus]]'' and ''[[Andrias]]'')
** [[Hula painted frog]] (''[[Latonia nigriventer]]'')<ref>{{cite news |last=Morelle |first=Rebecca |author-link=Rebecca Morelle |title=Rediscovered hula painted frog 'is a living fossil' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22770959 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=4 June 2013 |date=2013-06-04}}</ref>
** [[Purple frog]] (''Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis'')
[[File:Nautilus belauensis profile.jpg|thumb|[[Nautilus]] retain the external spiral shell that its other relatives have lost.]] 
[[File:Horseshoe Crab.jpg|thumb|upright|With little change over the last 450&nbsp;million years, the [[horseshoe crab]]s appear as living fossils.]]
* '''Jawless fish'''
** [[Hagfish]] (''Myxinidae'') family
** [[Lamprey]] (''Petromyzontiformes'')
* '''Bony fish'''
** [[Arowana]] and [[arapaima]] (''Osteoglossidae'')
** [[Bowfin]] (''Amia calva'')
** [[Coelacanth]] (the lobed-finned ''Latimeria menadoensis'' and ''Latimeria chalumnae'')
** [[Gar]] (''Lepisosteidae'')
** [[Queensland lungfish]] (''Neoceratodus fosteri'')
** [[African lungfish]] (''Protopterus sp.'')
** [[Sturgeons]] and [[paddlefish]] ([[Acipenseriformes]])
** [[Bichir]] (family ''Polypteridae'')
** ''[[Protanguilla palau]]''
** [[Mudskipper]] (''Oxudercinae'')
* '''Sharks'''
** [[Blind shark]] (''Brachaelurus waddi'')
** [[Bullhead shark]] (''Heterodontus sp.'')
** [[Cow shark]] (sixgill sharks and relatives) (''Hexanchidae'')
** [[Elephant shark]] (''Callorhinchus milii'')
** [[Frilled shark]] (''Chlamydoselachus sp.'')
** [[Goblin shark]] (''Mitsukurina owstoni'')
** [[Gulper shark]] (''Centrophorus sp.'')

;Invertebrates:
* '''Insects'''
** ''[[Cyatta abscondita ]]''(most recent common relative of ''[[Atta (ant)|Atta]]'' and ''[[Acromyrmex]]'' ant genera)
** [[Heloridae|Helorid wasps]] (1 living genus, 11 extinct genera)
** [[Mantophasmatidae|Mantophasmatodea]] (gladiators; a few living species)
** [[Meropeidae]] (3 living species, 4 extinct)
** ''[[Telephone-pole beetle|Micromalthus debilis]]'' (a [[beetle]])
** [[Mymarommatidae|Mymarommatid wasps]] (10 living species in genus ''Palaeomymar'')
** [[Nevrorthidae]] (3 species-poor genera)
** ''[[Nothomyrmecia]]'' (known as the 'dinosaur ant')
** ''[[Notiothauma reedi]]'' (a [[scorpionfly]] relative)
** [[Orussidae]] (parasitic wood wasps; about 70 living species in 16 genera)
** [[Peloridiidae]] (peloridiid bugs; fewer than 30 living species in 13 genera)
** [[Rhinorhipus|Rhinorhipid beetles]] (1 living species, Triassic origin)
** [[Rotoitidae|Rotoitid wasps]] (2 living species, 14 extinct)
** ''[[Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae]]'' (a [[Jurodidae|jurodid]] [[beetle]])
** ''[[Syntexis libocedrii]]'' (Anaxyelidae cedar wood wasp)
** ''[[Tricholepidion gertschi]]'' (silverfish with nearest relatives in Eocene)
* '''Crustaceans'''
** [[Glypheidea]] (2&nbsp;living species: ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' and ''Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica'')
** [[Mantis shrimp|Stomatopods]] (mantis shrimp)
** [[Polychelida]] (deep sea blind lobster)
** ''[[Triopsidae]]'' (also known as tadpole shrimp; [[notostraca]]n [[crustacean]]s)
* '''Molluscs'''
** [[Nautilina]] (e.g., ''[[Nautilus pompilius]]'')
** ''[[Neopilina]]'' – [[Monoplacophora]]n
** [[Pleurotomariidae|Slit snail]] (e.g., ''[[Entemnotrochus rumphii]]'')
** ''[[Vampyroteuthis infernalis]]'' – the [[vampire squid]]
** [[Pleuroceridae|Pleurocerid]] snails<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Dillon |first1=Robert T. |last2=Robinson |first2=John D. |date=2009 |title=The snails the dinosaurs saw: are the pleurocerid populations of the Older Appalachians a relict of the Paleozoic Era? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/08-034.1 |journal=Journal of the North American Benthological Society |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1899/08-034.1 |s2cid=85340338 |issn=0887-3593|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* '''Other invertebrates'''
** [[Crinoid]]s
** [[Horseshoe crab]]s (only 4&nbsp;living species of the class [[Xiphosura]], family [[Limulidae]]<!--: ''[[Limulus polyphemus]]'', ''[[Tachypleus gigas]]'', ''[[Tachypleus tridentatus]]'', and ''[[Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda]]''-->)
** ''[[Lingula (genus)|Lingula anatina]]'' (an inarticulate [[brachiopod]])
** [[Liphistiidae]] (trapdoor spiders)
** [[Onychophora]]ns (velvet worms)
** ''[[Rhabdopleura]]'' (a [[hemichordate]])
** ''[[Valdiviathyris quenstedti]]'' (a [[craniforma]]n brachiopod)
** ''[[Paleodictyon nodosum]]'' (unknown)